قوم تبوری

تَبوري أو تَبیري^[1] كانت قبيلة في الميديين جنوب بحر قزوين ذكرها بطليموس وأريان .^[2] تشير کتسیاس إلى أرض تبوری الواقعة بين أرضي جیلان و جرجان. معنی طبرستان فی لغة الطبریة محل وجد قوم تبوری (تپوری) وهم قوم یعیش فی ما بین جاجرم إلی سفیدرود فی محافظة جیلان^[3]

خريطة للمملكة اليونانية والبكترية مع تبوريا التي تقع بوضوح على الشواطئ الجنوبية لبحر قزوين

يبدو أن اسم تبوري ومساكنه المحتملة ، في فترات مختلفة من التاريخ ، قد امتد على مساحة واسعة من البلاد من أرمينيا إلى الجانب الشرقي من نهر أوكسوس. يضعها سترابو بجانب بوابات بحر قزوين و الري ، في فرثية أو بين ديربيسيس وهيركاني أو بصحبة أماردي و شعوب أخرى على طول الشواطئ الجنوبية لبحر قزوين ؛ في العرض الأخير الذي يمكن اعتبار أن كورتيوس وديونيسيوس و بليني يتطابق فيه. يحسبهم بطليموس في مكان ما بين قبائل ماديا ، و في مكان آخر ينسبهم إلى مارغيانا. تم كتابة أسمائهم مع بعض الاختلافات في المؤلفين المختلفين ؛ وهكذا تحدث Τάπουροι و في سترابو ؛ تبوري في بليني وكورتيوس ؛ Τάπυρροι في ستيف. ب. الصوت الفرعي لا يمكن أن يكون هناك شك في أن مقاطعة طبرستان الحالية اشتق اسمها منها. يعطي آلیان وصفًا غريبًا للتبوري الذي سكن في وسائل الإعلام.^[2]

زودت قوم تبوری هذه بـ 1،000 من الفرسان في معركة غوغملا باسم جيش الإمبراطورية الأخمينية .^[4]

وفقًا لأريان ، عاشت مجموعة من تبوری بين الهيركانين والأمارد خلال فترتي الأخمينية والإسكندر . أطاع الإسكندر آل تبوری و ذهب لمحاربة أمارد وهزمهم. ثم ضم الإسكندر أرض أمارد إلى أرض تبور. كان ساتراب تبوری تحت حكم أوتوفرادتس.^[5]

الملاحظات عدل

المراجع عدل

^ Tapuri. The mountains inland from the coast of Hyrcania are called the “Tapurian mountains” by Arrian, after the people there, settled in the mountains between the Derbices and the Hyrcanii (Str., 11.9.1, 11.11.8). They are spread toward the Caspian Gates and Rhaga in Media (Ptol., 6.2.6).These western Tapuri could have resulted from a tribal division north of the Sarnius/Atrak river—another, perhaps ancestral, group, the Tapurei, is located by Ptolemy (6.14.12) in Scythia. The remainder moved south and east into Margiana (“between the Hyrcani and the Arii,” Str., 11.8.8; Ptol., 6.10.2) along the Ochus/Arius (mod. Tejen/Hari-rud) river into Aria (cf. Polyb., 10.49). The Tapuri on the Caspian could, alternatively, represent a later westward migration along the main east-west highway from Margiana. These Tapuri furnished 1,000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela (Curt., 3.2.7), apparently aligned with the Hyrcanii (the “Topeiri,” Arr., An. 3.8.4). Alexander later subdued them (Arr., An. 3.23.1-2; Polyb., 5.44.5; Curt., 6.4.24-25). A separate satrap administered them at the time of Alexander’s arrival, and this official was assigned the Caspian Mardi as well (Arr., An. 3.22.7, 24.3; 4.18.2)., IRANICAONlINE IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic نسخة محفوظة 2022-05-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.
^ ^أ ^ب "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854. ,TAPU´RI". www.perseus.tufts.edu. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-04.
^ Of the lands which lie on the sea and of the others which border on these, Ninus subdued Egypt and Phoenicia, then Coele-Syria, Cilicia, Pamphylia, and Lycia, and also Caria, Phrygia, and Lydia; moreover, he brought under his sway the Troad, Phrygia on the Hellespont, Propontis, Bithynia, Cappadocia, and all the barbarian nations who inhabit the shores of the Pontus as far as the Tanais; he also made himself lord of the lands of the Cadusii, Tapyri, Hyrcanii, Drangi, of the Derbici, Carmanii, Choromnaei, and of the Borcanii, and Parthyaei; and he invaded both Persis and Susiana and Caspiana, as it is called, which is entered by exceedingly narrow passes, known for that reason as the Caspian Gates. 4 Many other lesser nations he also brought under his rule, about whom it would be a long task to speak. But since Bactriana was difficult to invade and contained multitudes of warlike men, after much toil and labour in vain he deferred to a later time the war against the Bactriani, and leading his forces back into Assyria selected a place excellently situated for the founding of a great city.. Diodorus Siculus, Library 1-7 (2.2.3)
^ These Tapuri furnished 1000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela , , “IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition نسخة محفوظة 2022-05-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.
^ Alexsander dimissed Mardians and appointed as their satrap Autophradates also made satrap of the Tapurians. anabasis of alexsander. arrian (24.2.5)

قوم تبوری في المشاريع الشقيقة:

[1] Tapuri. The mountains inland from the coast of Hyrcania are called the “Tapurian mountains” by Arrian, after the people there, settled in the mountains between the Derbices and the Hyrcanii (Str., 11.9.1, 11.11.8). They are spread toward the Caspian Gates and Rhaga in Media (Ptol., 6.2.6).These western Tapuri could have resulted from a tribal division north of the Sarnius/Atrak river—another, perhaps ancestral, group, the Tapurei, is located by Ptolemy (6.14.12) in Scythia. The remainder moved south and east into Margiana (“between the Hyrcani and the Arii,” Str., 11.8.8; Ptol., 6.10.2) along the Ochus/Arius (mod. Tejen/Hari-rud) river into Aria (cf. Polyb., 10.49). The Tapuri on the Caspian could, alternatively, represent a later westward migration along the main east-west highway from Margiana. These Tapuri furnished 1,000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela (Curt., 3.2.7), apparently aligned with the Hyrcanii (the “Topeiri,” Arr., An. 3.8.4). Alexander later subdued them (Arr., An. 3.23.1-2; Polyb., 5.44.5; Curt., 6.4.24-25). A separate satrap administered them at the time of Alexander’s arrival, and this official was assigned the Caspian Mardi as well (Arr., An. 3.22.7, 24.3; 4.18.2)., IRANICAONlINE IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic نسخة محفوظة 2022-05-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.

[مولد_تلقائيا1-2] أ ^ب "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854. ,TAPU´RI". www.perseus.tufts.edu. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-02-04.

[3] Of the lands which lie on the sea and of the others which border on these, Ninus subdued Egypt and Phoenicia, then Coele-Syria, Cilicia, Pamphylia, and Lycia, and also Caria, Phrygia, and Lydia; moreover, he brought under his sway the Troad, Phrygia on the Hellespont, Propontis, Bithynia, Cappadocia, and all the barbarian nations who inhabit the shores of the Pontus as far as the Tanais; he also made himself lord of the lands of the Cadusii, Tapyri, Hyrcanii, Drangi, of the Derbici, Carmanii, Choromnaei, and of the Borcanii, and Parthyaei; and he invaded both Persis and Susiana and Caspiana, as it is called, which is entered by exceedingly narrow passes, known for that reason as the Caspian Gates. 4 Many other lesser nations he also brought under his rule, about whom it would be a long task to speak. But since Bactriana was difficult to invade and contained multitudes of warlike men, after much toil and labour in vain he deferred to a later time the war against the Bactriani, and leading his forces back into Assyria selected a place excellently situated for the founding of a great city.. Diodorus Siculus, Library 1-7 (2.2.3)

[4] These Tapuri furnished 1000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela , , “IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic,” Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition نسخة محفوظة 2022-05-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.

[5] Alexsander dimissed Mardians and appointed as their satrap Autophradates also made satrap of the Tapurians. anabasis of alexsander. arrian (24.2.5)

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