English: Ethylene permeates the membrane and binds to one of the receptors, ETR/ERS/EIN4, RTE1, or CTR1, located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The receptor releases the usually repressed EIN2. This then activates a series of signal transductions, such as EIN3 and EIL1. EIN3 directly binds to regulatory genes that eventually trigger an Ethylene response. The activated DNA is transcribed into mRNA which is then translated into a functional enzyme that is used for ethylene biosynthesis.The plant responses to ethylene are as follows: fruit ripening, flowers opening, and abscission.

Key: 1. Ethylene Gas (C2H4) 2. Plasma Membrane 3. Receptor: ETR/ERS/EIN4, RTE1, CTR1 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum 5. CTR1 6. EIN2 7. EIN3 8. DNA 9. mRNA

10. HIS1 Differentiation and Growth and PDF1.2 Defence Response