English: An anonymous 16th century Portuguese illustration featured in the Códice Casanatense, now kept at the Casanata Library in Rome. It depicts a Hindu ritual of self-mutilation, referred to by the Portuguese as enganchamento ("hooking").

The inscription reads: "Sacrifice that the gentiles do to their gods, [by] piercing their loins with iron hooks on such a pole, and cut their flesh with a dagger and put it in the tip of such bows and shoot them at the air, and thus they end their lives; the people that witness this take their flesh and keep them as relics".

Hindu rituals were thoroughly described by the Portuguese in the 16th and 17th century.