Own work using:

• The location of the battle is derived from al-Samiri, p. 186.
• Background topography taken from DEMIS Mapserver, which are public domain.
• Works Cited:
  • Bianquis, Thierry. "Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Tulun to Kafur, 868-969." The Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517. Ed. Carl F. Petry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-521-47137-0
  • Haarmann, U. "Khumarawayh." The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume V. New Ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1986. ISBN 90-04-07819-3.
  • Ibn Khurradadhbih, Abu al-Qasim 'Abd Allah. Kitab al-Masalik wa'l-Mamalik. Ed and trans. M.J. de Goeje. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1889.
  • Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf. The Governors and Judges of Egypt. Ed. Rhuvon Guest. Leyden and London: E.J. Brill, 1912.
  • Al-Samiri al-Danafi, Abu al-Fath al-Hasan. The Continuation of the Samaritan chronicle of Abu l-Fatḥ Al-Samiri Al-Danafi. Trans. Milka Levy-Rubin. Princeton: Darwin Press, 2002. ISBN 0-87850-136-3
  • Shamma, Samir. "The Coinage of the Tulunids in Filastin: A Short Historical Note. Al-Abhath, 24 (1971), pp. 43-49.

أَعمالٌ مُشتقَّة مِن هذا الملفِّ:

• Syria in the 9th century.svg
• Battle of the Mills-ar.svg