كيرسي جريفز: الفرق بين النسختين

| صورةالصورة = Kersey Graves.jpg

ولد جريفز في براونزفيل بولاية بنسلفانيا.<ref>{{citeاستشهاد webويب

| urlمسار = http://www.spirithistory.com/kgraves.html

| titleعنوان = Who Was Kersey Graves?

| archive-urlمسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20080621062609/http://www.spirithistory.com/kgraves.html

| archive-dateتاريخ أرشيف = June 21, 2008

| access-dateتاريخ الوصول = 2005-05-02

| url-statusحالة المسار = bot: unknown

}} by John Benedict Buescher.</ref> كان والديه من أتباع [[جمعية الأصدقاء الدينية]]. وعندما كان شابًا تبعهم في شعائرهم، وانتقل فيما بعد إلى تيار إلياس هيكس من جمعية الأصدقاء الدينية. وفقًا لأحد المصادر، فإن جريفز لم يرتد المدرسة لأكثر من ثلاث أو أربعة أشهر خلال فترة حياته كاملة،<ref>Henry Clay Fox, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KCJZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA393&dq=Memoirs+of+Wayne+County+and+the+City+of+Richmond ''Memoirs of Wayne County and the City of Richmond, Indiana'', vol. 1 (Madison, Wisc.: Western Historical Association, 1912), p.393]: ''Kersey Graves was born in Pennsylvania, Nov. 14, 1813, and died in Richmond, Indiana, Sept. 4, 1883. He attended school but three or four months in his life, but in spite of this became, by reading, a well educated man. He became dissatisfied with popular theology quite early in life and used his pen to correct what he believed to be errors. He wrote "The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors" (Colby & Rich, Boston, 1886), which reached its tenth edition and was sold in both America and Europe; "The Bible of Bibles (1883), an account of Twenty Bibles of the World"; "The Biography of Satan" (Religio-Philosophical Pub. Co., 1865), and "Sixteen Saviors or None." He devoted the later years of his life exclusively to literary work and lecturing. At the time of his death he was associate-«ditor of the Indianapolis "Globe," an antitariff paper.''</ref> لكن مصدرًا آخر يقول إنه تلقى «تعليمًا أكاديميًا»، وقد درّس في سن التاسعة عشرة في مدرسة في ريتشموند، وهي مهنة استمر فيها لأكثر من عشرين عامًا.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=IRYVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA639&vq=kersey+graves ''History of Wayne County, Indiana, together with sketches of its cities, villages and towns, educational, religious, civil, military, and political history, portraits of prominent persons, and biographies of representative citizens'', vol. 1 (Chicago: Inter-State Publishing Company, 1884), p.639]: ''PROF. KERSEY GRAVES, well known to the people of Wayne County by his literary labors, was born in Brownsville, Pa., Nov. 21, 1815, and died in Richmond, Sept. 4, 1883. He received an academical education, and at the age of nineteen began teaching in Richmond, Ind. He continued that occupation here and elsewhere for twenty-three years. He early became interested in scientific studies and spent several years traveling and lecturing on phrenology, physiology and physiognomy. He lectured frequently on temperance and was an anti-slavery orator of some note. He became dissatisfied with popular theology quite early in life, and used his pen to correct what he believed to be errors. His first book was "The Biography of Satan," which had a large sale. His next production , "The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors," reached its tenth edition and was sold in both America and Europe. Among his latest works was a book entitled "The Bible of Bibles," being an account of twenty-seven Bibles of various ages and countries. He devoted the latter years of his life exclusively to literary work and lectnring, and contributed many articles to magazines and newspapers. His memory was remarkable and his mental acumen great. He lived an upright life. He married Miss Lydia Michener and reared four children.''</ref> كان من دعاة الإبطالية في الولايات المتحدة، ومهتمًا أيضًا بإصلاح اللغة، وانخرط مع عدد من المفكرين الأحرار الراديكاليين ضمن جمعية الأصدقاء الدينية، في أغسطس 1844، انضم إلى مجموعة من حوالي خمسين مستوطنًا من أدباء المدينة الفاضلة. في ننفس الشهر، تبرأت منه مجموعة اجتماعات جمعية الأصدقاء الدينية بسبب إهماله للحضور وكذلك لإنشاءه مجموعة منافسة. كانت المجموعات التي ارتبط بها في وقت لاحق منخرطة في السحر والروحانية.

كان منزل اجتماعات جوشن مركزًا لأصدقاء التجمع وساهم في نشر ثقافة الاعتدال والسلام والصحة ومكافحة العبودية وحقوق المرأة والطوباوية الاشتراكية.

كيّفته خلفيته المتعلقة [[جمعية الأصدقاء الدينية|بجمعية الأصدقاء الدينية]] إلى فلسفة التنوير الباطني، التي تعتمد على فكرة أنه لا علاقة لرجال الدين والعقائد وطقوس العبادة بالمذهب بل وإنها تشكل عائقًا أمام عمل الله.

[[تصنيف:وفياتأشخاص 1883من هارفيسبورغ (أوهايو)]]