نرفانا: الفرق بين النسختين
| [مراجعة غير مفحوصة] | [مراجعة غير مفحوصة] |
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
ط بوت:التعريب V4 |
ط بوت:الإبلاغ عن رابط معطوب أو مؤرشف V5.1 |
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سطر 5:
في [[ديانات هندية|الديانات الهندية]]، السكينة مرادفة لل ''[[موكشا]]'' ''وموكتي.'' {{Refn|Also called vimoksha, vimukti. The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism: "Vimoksha [解脱] (Skt; Jpn gedatsu). Emancipation, release, or liberation. The Sanskrit words vimukti, mukti, and moksha also have the same meaning. Vimoksha means release from the bonds of earthly desires, delusion, suffering and transmigration. While Buddhism sets forth various kinds and stages of emancipation, or enlightenment, the supreme emancipation is nirvana,<ref>{{استشهاد ويب|عنوان=IN THE PRESENCE OF NIBBANA:Developing Faith in the Buddhist Path to Enlightenment|مسار= http://www.dhammatalks.net/Books6/Ajahn_Brahm_In_the_Presence_of%20Nibbana.htm|ناشر=What-Buddha-Taught.net|تاريخ الوصول=22 October 2014|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20210117131624/http://dhammatalks.net/Books6/Ajahn_Brahm_In_the_Presence_of Nibbana.htm
|تاريخ أرشيف=2021-01-17}}</ref><ref group=web name="vimoksha">{{استشهاد ويب |مسار=http://www.sgilibrary.org/search_dict.php?id=2602 |عنوان=The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism, ''vimoksha'' |تاريخ الوصول=17 February 2014 |مسار أرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222011614/http://www.sgilibrary.org/search_dict.php?id=2602 |تاريخ أرشيف=22 February 2014 |حالة المسار=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>}} تؤكد جميع الديانات الهندية على أنها حالة من الهدوء التام والحرية والسعادة القصوى بالإضافة إلى التحرر من أو إنهاء ''السامسارا'' ودورة الولادة والحياة والموت المتكررة. <ref name="Flood">Gavin Flood, ''Nirvana''. In: John Bowker (ed.), '' Oxford Dictionary of World Religions''</ref> <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Anindita N. Balslev|عنوان=On World Religions: Diversity, Not Dissension|مسار= https://books.google.com/books?id=H1clDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT29|سنة=2014|ناشر=SAGE Publications|ISBN=978-93-5150-405-4|صفحات=28–29|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20201022163310/https://books.google.com/books?id=H1clDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT29
|تاريخ أرشيف=2020-10-22}}</ref> ومع ذلك، فإن التقاليد غير البوذية والبوذية تصف هذه المصطلحات للتحرر بشكل مختلف. <ref name="Loy 1982 pp. 65–74">{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة|الأخير=Loy|الأول=David|عنوان=Enlightenment in Buddhism and Advaita Vedanta|صحيفة=Philosophy Documentation Center|المجلد=22|العدد=1|سنة=1982|صفحات=65–74|DOI=10.5840/ipq19822217|اقتباس=What most distinguishes Indian from Western philosophy is that all the important Indian systems point to the same phenomenon: Enlightenment or Liberation. Enlightenment has different names in the various systems – kaivalya, nirvana, moksha, etc. – and is described in different ways...}}</ref> في [[فلسفة هندوسية|الفلسفة الهندوسية]]، هو اتحاد أو تحقيق هوية [[أتمان]] مع [[براهمان]]، اعتمادًا على التقليد الهندوسي. <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Brian Morris|عنوان=Religion and Anthropology: A Critical Introduction|مسار=https://books.google.com/books?id=PguGB_uEQh4C&pg=PP1|سنة=2006|ناشر=Cambridge University Press|ISBN=978-0-521-85241-8|صفحة=51|اقتباس=There has been some dispute as to the exact meaning of nirvana, but clearly the Buddhist theory of no soul seems to imply quite a different perspective from that of Vedantist philosophy, in which the individual soul or self [atman] is seen as identical with the world soul or Brahman [god] (on the doctrine of anatta[no soul] ...| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20171020143323/https://books.google.com/books?id=PguGB_uEQh4C | تاريخ أرشيف = 20 أكتوبر 2017 }}</ref> <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Gwinyai H. Muzorewa|عنوان=The Great Being|مسار= https://books.google.com/books?id=eIhKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54|سنة=2000|ناشر=Wipf|ISBN=978-1-57910-453-5|صفحات=52–54|اقتباس=Even the Atman depends on the Brahman. In fact, the two are essentially the same. [...] Hindu theology believes that the Atman ultimately becomes one with the Brahman. One's true identity lies in realizing that the Atman in me and the Brahman - the ground of all existence - are similar. [...] The closest kin of Atman is the Atman of all living things, which is grounded in the Brahman. When the Atman strives to be like Brahman it is only because it realizes that that is its origin - God. [...] Separation between the Atman and the Brahman is proved to be impermanent. What is ultimately permanent is the union between the Atman and the Brahman. [...] Thus, life's struggle is for the Atman to be released from the body, which is impermanent, to unite with Brahman, which is permanent - this doctrine is known as Moksha.|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20200806210719/https://books.google.com/books?id=eIhKAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54
|تاريخ أرشيف=2020-08-06}}</ref> {{Sfn|Fowler|2012}} في [[جاينية|اليانية]]، النيرفانا هي أيضًا الهدف الخلاصي، والذي يمثل تحرير الروح من العبودية الكرمية والسامسارا. <ref>John E. Cort (1990), MODELS OF AND FOR THE STUDY OF THE JAINS, Method & Theory in the Study of Religion, Vol. 2, No. 1, Brill Academic, pages 42-71</ref> في سياق البوذية و ''[[نيرفانا (البوذية)|السكينة]]'' تشير إلى تحقيق [[أناتا|غير المتمتعة بالحكم الذاتي]] و[[سونياتا|الفراغ]]، بمناسبة انتهاء ولادة جديدة من قبل التسكين ''الحرائق'' التي تبقي عملية ولادة جديدة الذهاب. <ref name="Loy 1982 pp. 65–74" /> <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Steven Collins|عنوان=Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism|مسار= https://books.google.com/books?id=8sLMkNn26-gC&pg=PA5|سنة=1990|ناشر=Cambridge University Press|ISBN=978-0-521-39726-1|صفحات=81–84|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20210126181327/https://books.google.com/books?id=8sLMkNn26-gC&pg=PA5
|تاريخ أرشيف=2021-01-26}}</ref> <ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|مؤلف1=Peter Harvey|عنوان=Buddhism|مسار= https://books.google.com/books?id=oZCvAwAAQBAJ|سنة=2001|ناشر=Bloomsbury Academic|ISBN=978-1-4411-4726-4|صفحات=98–99|اقتباس=[Nirvana is] beyond the processes involved in dying and reborn. [...] Nirvana is emptiness in being void of any grounds for the delusion of a permanent, substantial Self, and because it cannot be conceptualized in any view which links it to 'I' or 'mine' or 'Self'. It is known in this respect by one with deep insight into everything as not-Self (anatta), empty of Self.|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20200810163323/https://books.google.com/books?id=oZCvAwAAQBAJ
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