النمو السكاني للمسلمين: الفرق بين النسختين
| [نسخة منشورة] | [نسخة منشورة] |
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
ط بوت:الإبلاغ عن رابط معطوب أو مؤرشف V4.6* |
ط بوت:الإبلاغ عن رابط معطوب أو مؤرشف V4.6* |
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سطر 205:
| تاريخ الوصول = 2018-07-22
| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021160622/http://www.masrawy.com:80/Islameyat/Makalat-Other/details/2016/2/2/744740/من-هو-الهندوسي-الذي-أسلم-على-يديه-أكثر-من-مائة-ألف- | تاريخ أرشيف = 21 أكتوبر 2018 }}</ref> وتشير تقارير إلى إجبار عدة مئات (أو ما يصل لألف وفقا لمصادر) من النساء والفتيات من الأقليات الدينية في باكستان سنوياً على اعتناق الإسلام.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/281276.pdf PAKISTAN 2017 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818130219/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/281276.pdf |date=18 أغسطس 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-artslaw/ptr/ciforb/Forced-Conversions-and-Forced-Marriages-in-Sindh.pdf Forced Conversions & Forced Marriages In Sindh, Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929233258/https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-artslaw/ptr/ciforb/Forced-Conversions-and-Forced-Marriages-in-Sindh.pdf |date=29 سبتمبر 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/08/hindu-muslim-pakistan/536238/ Hindu Today, Muslim Tomorrow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725113527/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/08/hindu-muslim-pakistan/536238/ |date=25 يوليو 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-29008267/stories-of-forced-conversion-to-islam-in-pakistan Stories of forced conversion to Islam in Pakistan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915165407/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-29008267/stories-of-forced-conversion-to-islam-in-pakistan |date=15 سبتمبر 2018}}</ref><ref>[https://www.christiantoday.com.au/news/pakistan-1000-girls-forced-to-convert-to-islam-every-year.html Pakistan: 1,000 girls forced to convert to Islam every year] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930033610/https://www.christiantoday.com.au/news/pakistan-1000-girls-forced-to-convert-to-islam-every-year.html |date=30 سبتمبر 2018}}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|عنوان=1,000 Christian, Hindu girls forced to convert to Islam every year in Pakistan: report|مسار=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/1000-christian-hindu-girls-forced-to-convert-to-islam-every-year-in-pakistan-report/1/353608.html|موقع=[[إنديا توداي]]|تاريخ=April 8, 2014|تاريخ الوصول=January 19, 2018| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20180109063136/http://indiatoday.intoday.in:80/story/1000-christian-hindu-girls-forced-to-convert-to-islam-every-year-in-pakistan-report/1/353608.html | تاريخ أرشيف = 09 يناير 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|الأخير1=Reema|الأول1=Abbasititle|عنوان=Pakistan needs a law to protect Hindus from forced conversion| مسار=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2601827/Pakistan-needs-law-protect-Hindus-forced-conversion.html |موقع=[[ديلي ميل]]|تاريخ=April 11, 2014|تاريخ الوصول=January 19, 2018| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045605/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2601827/Pakistan-needs-law-protect-Hindus-forced-conversion.html | تاريخ أرشيف = 04 مارس 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|الأخير1=Anwar|الأول1=Iqbal|عنوان=1,000 minority girls forced in marriage every year: report|مسار=http://www.dawn.com/news/1098452|موقع=Dawn|تاريخ الوصول=25 July 2014| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20190513041454/https://www.dawn.com/news/1098452 | تاريخ أرشيف = 13 مايو 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|الأخير1=Dunya|الأول1=Author|عنوان=India ruling party chief urges law against religious conversions|مسار=http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/World/251054-India-ruling-party-chief-urges-law-against-religio|موقع={{Ill-WD2|دنيا نيوز|id=Q5315817}} |تاريخ=20 December 2014|تاريخ الوصول=20 December 2014|مكان=New Delhi |agency=[[وكالة فرانس برس|AFP]]}}</ref><ref>[https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=454343 Pakistan: Religious conversion, including treatment of converts and forced conversions (2009-2012)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930081306/https://irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/country-information/rir/Pages/index.aspx?doc=454343 |date=30 سبتمبر 2018}}</ref>
ويتعرض السيخ في مقاطعة هانجو للضغط من أجل التحول إلى الإسلام من قبل مسؤول حكومي في عام 2017.<ref>{{مرجع ويب|مسار=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1585150/1-sikh-community-hangu-forced-convert/|عنوان=Sikh community in Hangu 'being forced to convert' |تاريخ=16 December 2017|ناشر=[[The Express Tribune]]|تاريخ الوصول=16 January 2018| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20181210010347/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1585150/1-sikh-community-hangu-forced-convert/ | تاريخ أرشيف = 10 ديسمبر 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|مسار=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/sikhs-in-pakistan-complain-of-pressure-to-convert/story-945AGLoXUjfEam6dZo2KBJ.html|عنوان=Sikhs in Pakistan complain of pressure to convert|تاريخ=16 December 2017|ناشر=|تاريخ الوصول=16 January 2018| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20180930115735/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/sikhs-in-pakistan-complain-of-pressure-to-convert/story-945AGLoXUjfEam6dZo2KBJ.html | تاريخ أرشيف = 30 سبتمبر 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|مسار=https://www.rabwah.net/sikhs-told-convert-islam-pakistani-official/|عنوان=Sikhs told to 'convert to Islam' by Pakistani official|موقع=[[Rabwah Times]]|تاريخ=December 16, 2017|تاريخ الوصول=16 January 2018| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20180930081204/https://www.rabwah.net/sikhs-told-convert-islam-pakistani-official/ | تاريخ أرشيف = 30 سبتمبر 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|مسار=https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-sikh-minority-forced-conversion/4177063.html|عنوان=Authorities Investigate Cases of Forced Conversion of Sikh Minority in Pakistan|الأول=Madeeha|الأخير=Anwar|ناشر=[[صوت أمريكا]]|عمل= Extremism Watch Desk|تاريخ=December 23, 2017|تاريخ الوصول=16 January 2018| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20190401132941/https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-sikh-minority-forced-conversion/4177063.html | تاريخ أرشيف = 01 أبريل 2019 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/26/world/asia/pakistani-hindus-say-womans-conversion-to-islam-was-coerced.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=F773D1BC22189D9E530B5012B6801515&gwt=pay&assetType=REGIWALL In Pakistan, Hindus Say Woman’s Conversion to Islam Was Coerced] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111204648/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/26/world/asia/pakistani-hindus-say-womans-conversion-to-islam-was-coerced.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=F773D1BC22189D9E530B5012B6801515&gwt=pay&assetType=REGIWALL |date=11 يناير 2020}}</ref> وبحسب هيئة مراقبة حقوق الإنسان المستقلة في باكستان تم الإبلاغ عن حوالي 1,000 حالة [[تحول قسري|للتحويل القسري]] إلى الإسلام لفتيات هندوسيات ومسيحيات في [[السند (إقليم)|إقليم السند]] عام [[2018]].<ref>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2019/apr/15/pakistan-human-rights-body-raises-concern-over-forced-conversions-of-hindu-and-christian-girls-1964694.html Pakistan human rights body raises concern over forced conversions of Hindu and Christian girls] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418195106/http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2019/apr/15/pakistan-human-rights-body-raises-concern-over-forced-conversions-of-hindu-and-christian-girls-1964694.html |date=18 أبريل 2019}}</ref> وتتعرض الأقليات [[المسيحية في باكستان|المسيحية]] والهندوسية و[[سيخية|السيخية]]<ref>{{مرجع ويب|مسار=https://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/punjab/sikhs-in-pakistan-being-forced-to-convert-to-islam/514699.html|عنوان=Sikhs in Pakistan ‘being forced to convert to Islam’<!-- عنوان مولد بالبوت -->|تاريخ الوصول=2019-12-17|script-title=en|اللغة=en}}</ref><ref>[https://tribune.com.pk/story/1585150/1-sikh-community-hangu-forced-convert/ Sikh community in Hangu 'being forced to convert' | The Express Tribune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210010347/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1585150/1-sikh-community-hangu-forced-convert/ |date=10 ديسمبر 2018}}</ref> في باكستان إلى الضرب<ref name="مولد تلقائيا14">[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+WQ+E-2014-004960+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN Subject: Pakistani women abducted, raped and forced to convert to Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217143206/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+WQ+E-2014-004960+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN&language=EN |date=17 ديسمبر 2019}}</ref> أو [[الإغتصاب]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,526126,00.html |title=Christian Man Raped, Murdered for Refusing to Convert to Islam, Family Says |publisher=FOX News |date=June 13, 2009 |first=Nora |last=Zimmett|accessdate=June 11, 2011| مسار الأرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514193533/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,526126,00.html | تاريخ الأرشيف = 14 مايو 2013 }}</ref><ref name="مولد تلقائيا14" /> أو التهديد بالقتل من أجل التحول إلى الإسلام.<ref>[http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/07/16/world/asia/militants-in-pakistan-make-inroads-in-the-diverse-and-tolerant-south.html?_r=0&referrer= Extremists Make Inroads in Pakistan’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012042331/https://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/07/16/world/asia/militants-in-pakistan-make-inroads-in-the-diverse-and-tolerant-south.html?_r=0&referrer= |date=12 أكتوبر 2017}}</ref>
في منطقة ال[[بنغال]]، كانت نسبة المسلمين نحو 63.76% من السكان سنة 1871، وارتفعت النسبة إلى نحو 90.41% سنة 2011.<ref name=":4" /> وساهمت [[الإبادة الجماعية في بنغلاديش 1971]] والتي ارتكبتها باكستان الغربية ضد [[باكستان الشرقية]] بسبب مطالبتها بحق تقرير المصير، وكان جزء رئيسي منها ضد السكان الهندوس، إلى نزوح عدد كبير من السكان الهندوس،<ref name=ICJ>International Commission Of Jurists, "The Events In Pakistan: A Legal Study By The Secretariat Of The International Commission Of Jurists" 9 (1972), p. 56–57., cited in S. Linton, "Completing the Circle: Accountability for the Crimes of the 1971 Bangladesh War of Liberation," Criminal Law Forum (2010) 21:191–311, p. 243.</ref><ref>{{مرجع كتاب |الأخير=Jones |الأول=Owen Bennett |تاريخ=2003 |عنوان=Pakistan: Eye of the Storm |مسار=https://books.google.com/books?id=t8iYEgPYG_EC&pg=PA170 |ناشر=Yale University Press |صفحة=170 |isbn=0-300-10147-3| مسار الأرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20190526180024/https://books.google.com/books?id=t8iYEgPYG_EC | تاريخ الأرشيف = 26 مايو 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع كتاب|الأول=S. |الأخير=Bose |عنوان=Dead Reckoning: Memories of the 1971 Bangladesh War |ناشر=Hurst and Co. |مكان=London |سنة=2011 |صفحات=73, 122}}</ref><ref name="usstatedept_south_asia_crisis">U.S. State Department, ''Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976'', Volume XI, "South Asia Crisis, 1971", page 165</ref><ref name="Britannica">{{مرجع ويب|مسار=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/51736/Bangladesh/277584/The-Pakistani-period-1947-71|عنوان=History (from Bangladesh)|الأخير=Tinker|الأول=Hugh Russell|ناشر=Encyclopædia Britannica|تاريخ الوصول=11 June 2013| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185936/http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/51736/Bangladesh/277584/The-Pakistani-period-1947-71 | تاريخ أرشيف = 29 أكتوبر 2013 | وصلة مكسورة = yes }}</ref> وشكل الهندوس نحو 60% من اللاجئين البنغال إلى الهند حينها.<ref name="usstatedept_south_asia_crisis" /><ref name="kennedy">Kennedy, Senator Edward, "Crisis in South Asia – A report to the Subcommittee investigating the Problem of Refugees and Their Settlement, Submitted to U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee", 1 November 1971, U.S. Govt. Press, page 66. Sen. Kennedy wrote, "Field reports to the U.S. Government, countless eye-witness journalistic accounts, reports of International agencies such as World Bank and additional information available to the subcommittee document the reign of terror which grips East Bengal (East Pakistan). Hardest hit have been members of the Hindu community who have been robbed of their lands and shops, systematically slaughtered, and in some places, painted with yellow patches marked 'H'. All of this has been officially sanctioned, ordered and implemented under martial law from Islamabad."</ref> وأجبر العديد من الهندوس على اعتناق الإسلام.<ref name="jk9">[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/20/world/gunmen-kill-25-hindus-in-kashmir-attacks.html] 26 Hindus beheeaded by Islamist militants in Kashmir {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217103901/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/20/world/gunmen-kill-25-hindus-in-kashmir-attacks.html |date=17 فبراير 2018}}</ref><ref>{{مرجع كتاب |editor-last=Sinha |editor-first=Dinesh Chandra |script-title=১৯৫০: রক্তরঞ্জিত ঢাকা বরিশাল এবং |لغة=bn |عنوان مترجم=1950: Bloodstained Dhaka Barisal and more |سنة=2012 |ناشر=Codex |مكان=Kolkata |صفحات=72–77}}</ref><ref>{{مرجع كتاب |الأخير=Roy |الأول=Tathagata |عنوان=My People, Uprooted |chapter=Appendix: Letter of Resignation of Jogendra Nath Mandal, dated 8 October 1950, Minister of Law and Labour, Government of Pakistan |سنة=2002 |ناشر=Ratna Prakashan |مكان=Kolkata |isbn=81-85709-67-X |صفحة=362}}</ref> ووفقا لدراسة، ترجع الزيادة في نسبة المسلمين بصورة كبيرة إلى التبادل القسري للسكان بين باكستان والهند، حيث هاجر المسلمون إلى شرق باكستان وغربها، بينما انتقل الهندوس إلى الهند.<ref name=":4" />
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