حمض نووي ريبوزي غير مشفر: الفرق بين النسختين

أعداد الرنا غير المشفر في الجينوم البشري غير معروفة، لكن تقترح دراسات حديثة في [[تكنولوجيا النسخوميات]] [[معلوماتية حيوية|والمعلوماتية الحيوية]] وجود الآلاف منهم <ref name="pmid15790807">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cheng J, Kapranov P, Drenkow J, Dike S, Brubaker S, Patel S, Long J, Stern D, Tammana H, Helt G, Sementchenko V, Piccolboni A, Bekiranov S, Bailey DK, Ganesh M, Ghosh S, Bell I, Gerhard DS, Gingeras TR | display-authors = 6 | title = Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution | journal = Science | volume = 308 | issue = 5725 | pages = 1149–54 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15790807 | doi = 10.1126/science.1108625 | bibcode = 2005Sci...308.1149C }}</ref><ref name="pmid17571346">{{cite journal | vauthors = ((ENCODE Project Consortium)), Birney E, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Dutta A, Guigó R, Gingeras TR, Margulies EH, Weng Z, Snyder M, Dermitzakis ET, Thurman RE, Kuehn MS, Taylor CM, Neph S, Koch CM, Asthana S, Malhotra A, Adzhubei I, Greenbaum JA, Andrews RM, Flicek P, Boyle PJ, Cao H, Carter NP, Clelland GK, Davis S, Day N, Dhami P, Dillon SC, Dorschner MO, Fiegler H, Giresi PG, Goldy J, Hawrylycz M, Haydock A, Humbert R, James KD, Johnson BE, Johnson EM, Frum TT, Rosenzweig ER, Karnani N, Lee K, Lefebvre GC, Navas PA, Neri F, Parker SC, Sabo PJ, Sandstrom R, Shafer A, Vetrie D, Weaver M, Wilcox S, Yu M, Collins FS, Dekker J, Lieb JD, Tullius TD, Crawford GE, Sunyaev S, Noble WS, Dunham I, Denoeud F, Reymond A, Kapranov P, Rozowsky J, Zheng D, Castelo R, Frankish A, Harrow J, Ghosh S, Sandelin A, Hofacker IL, Baertsch R, Keefe D, Dike S, Cheng J, Hirsch HA, Sekinger EA, Lagarde J, Abril JF, Shahab A, Flamm C, Fried C, Hackermüller J, Hertel J, Lindemeyer M, Missal K, Tanzer A, Washietl S, Korbel J, Emanuelsson O, Pedersen JS, Holroyd N, Taylor R, Swarbreck D, Matthews N, Dickson MC, Thomas DJ, Weirauch MT, Gilbert J, Drenkow J, Bell I, Zhao X, Srinivasan KG, Sung WK, Ooi HS, Chiu KP, Foissac S, Alioto T, Brent M, Pachter L, Tress ML, Valencia A, Choo SW, Choo CY, Ucla C, Manzano C, Wyss C, Cheung E, Clark TG, Brown JB, Ganesh M, Patel S, Tammana H, Chrast J, Henrichsen CN, Kai C, Kawai J, Nagalakshmi U, Wu J, Lian Z, Lian J, Newburger P, Zhang X, Bickel P, Mattick JS, Carninci P, Hayashizaki Y, Weissman S, Hubbard T, Myers RM, Rogers J, Stadler PF, Lowe TM, Wei CL, Ruan Y, Struhl K, Gerstein M, Antonarakis SE, Fu Y, Green ED, Karaöz U, Siepel A, Taylor J, Liefer LA, Wetterstrand KA, Good PJ, Feingold EA, Guyer MS, Cooper GM, Asimenos G, Dewey CN, Hou M, Nikolaev S, Montoya-Burgos JI, Löytynoja A, Whelan S, Pardi F, Massingham T, Huang H, Zhang NR, Holmes I, Mullikin JC, Ureta-Vidal A, Paten B, Seringhaus M, Church D, Rosenbloom K, Kent WJ, Stone EA, Batzoglou S, Goldman N, Hardison RC, Haussler D, Miller W, Sidow A, Trinklein ND, Zhang ZD, Barrera L, Stuart R, King DC, Ameur A, Enroth S, Bieda MC, Kim J, Bhinge AA, Jiang N, Liu J, Yao F, Vega VB, Lee CW, Ng P, Shahab A, Yang A, Moqtaderi Z, Zhu Z, Xu X, Squazzo S, 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Wilson RK, Clamp M, Cuff J, Gnerre S, Jaffe DB, Chang JL, Lindblad-Toh K, Lander ES, Koriabine M, Nefedov M, Osoegawa K, Yoshinaga Y, Zhu B, de Jong PJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project | journal = Nature | volume = 447 | issue = 7146 | pages = 799–816 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17571346 | pmc = 2212820 | doi = 10.1038/nature05874 | bibcode = 2007Natur.447..799B }}</ref><ref name="pmid17568003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Washietl S, Pedersen JS, Korbel JO, Stocsits C, Gruber AR, Hackermüller J, Hertel J, Lindemeyer M, Reiche K, Tanzer A, Ucla C, Wyss C, Antonarakis SE, Denoeud F, Lagarde J, Drenkow J, Kapranov P, Gingeras TR, Guigó R, Snyder M, Gerstein MB, Reymond A, Hofacker IL, Stadler PF | display-authors = 6 | title = Structured RNAs in the ENCODE selected regions of the human genome | journal = Genome Research | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 852–64 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17568003 | pmc = 1891344 | doi = 10.1101/gr.5650707 }}</ref><ref name= MorrisKV>{{مرجع كتاب | veditors = Morris KV | سنة=2012 | عنوان=Non-coding RNAs and Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression: Drivers of Natural Selection | ناشر=[[Caister Academic Press]] | isbn= 978-1-904455-94-3}}</ref><ref name="Shahrouki P 2012">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shahrouki P, Larsson E | title = The non-coding oncogene: a case of missing DNA evidence? | journal = Frontiers in Genetics | volume = 3 | pages = 170 | date = 2012 | pmid = 22988449 | pmc = 3439828 | doi = 10.3389/fgene.2012.00170 }}</ref><!--^{but see}--><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van Bakel H, Nislow C, Blencowe BJ, Hughes TR | title = Most "dark matter" transcripts are associated with known genes | journal = PLoS Biology | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = e1000371 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20502517 | pmc = 2872640 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000371 | editor1-last = Eddy | editor1-first = Sean R. | name-list-format = vanc }}</ref>، العديد من أنواع الرنا غير المشفر المعرَّفَة حديثا لم يتم التأكد من وظائفها <ref name="pmid15851066">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hüttenhofer A, Schattner P, Polacek N | title = Non-coding RNAs: hope or hype? | journal = Trends in Genetics | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 289–97 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15851066 | doi = 10.1016/j.tig.2005.03.007 }}</ref>، كما أنه من الممكن أن يكون العديد منها غير وظيفي (يشار إليها أحيانا '''بالرنا النفاية''') وهي نتيجة نسخ زائف. <ref name="waste">{{cite journal | vauthors = Brosius J | title = Waste not, want not--transcript excess in multicellular eukaryotes | journal = Trends in Genetics | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 287–8 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15851065 | doi = 10.1016/j.tig.2005.02.014 }}</ref><ref name="PalazzoLee2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Palazzo AF, Lee ES | title = Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk? | journal = Frontiers in Genetics | volume = 6 | pages = 2 | year = 2015 | pmid = 25674102 | pmc = 4306305 | doi = 10.3389/fgene.2015.00002 }}</ref>

 

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