فرض القوة: الفرق بين النسختين

[نسخة منشورة][نسخة منشورة]
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
JarBot (نقاش | مساهمات)
ط بوت:إضافة تصنيف كومنز (1.3)
وسوم: تحرير من المحمول تعديل ويب محمول تعديل المحمول المتقدم
سطر 1:
[[File:USS Nimitz in Victoria Canada 036.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Aircraft carrier]]s such as the [[يو إس إس نيمتز]] play an important role in power projection.]]
'''فرض القوة''' أو '''فرض الهيمنة''' {{إنج|Power projection}} هو مصطلح عسكري و[[علوم سياسية|سياسي]] يتم استخدامه للإشارة إلى قدرة دولة ما على نشر قواتها العسكرية خارج أراضيها وتوجيهها والحفاظ عليها<ref>{{مرجع كتاب|عنوان=The Dictionary of Military Terms |مؤلف=US Department of Defense |مكان=New York |ناشر=Skyhorse Publishing |سنة=2013 |مسار=https://books.google.com/?id=rVgtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT957&lpg=PT957&dq=%22power+projection%22+jp3-35#v=onepage&q=%22power%20projection%22%20jp3-35&f=false|isbn=9781628730197 }}</ref>. هذه القدرة هي عنصر حاسم في مدى تأثير الدولة في [[العلاقات الدولية]]. حتى الدول التي لديها [[قوة صلبة]] (مثل توفرها على [[جيش عامل|قوات عسكرية]] بأعداد كبيرة) قد تكون قادرة فقط على ممارسة [[قوة إقليمية|تأثير إقليمي]] محدود طالما أنها تفتقر إلى وسائل لفرض قوتها على نطاق عالمي. عموما، فقط دول قليلة قادرة على التغلب على الصعوبات [[إمدادات عسكرية|اللوجستية]] في تأسيس وتوجيه قوة عسكرية حديثة.
==قدرات فرض الهيمنة==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;""
!Colspan=7 | قدرات فرض الهيمنة
|-
!البلد
!Bloc/Group
![[Blue-water navy|Maritime force]]
![[Helicopter carrier|Helicopter]]/[[List of aircraft carriers by country|Aircraft Carriers]]
![[List of countries with overseas military bases|Overseas bases]]
!data-sort-type="number" | Troops deployed in operations abroad
![[Nuclear deterrence]]
|-
|{{AUS}} || [[G20]]/[[MIKTA]]/[[Five Eyes]]/[[Commonwealth of nations|Commonwealth]]/[[APEC]]/[[ANZUS]]||<span style="color:#0f0">Green-water navy</span>
|| 2 || 1 || 2900<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/Operations/|title=Home : Global Operations : Department of Defence|first=scheme=AGLSTERMS.AglsAgent; corporateName=Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence; address=Russell Offices, Russell, ACT, 2600; contact=1300 333|last=362|website=www.defence.gov.au}}</ref> || {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Argentina}} || [[G20]]/[[UNASUR]]/[[Uniting for Consensus|UFC]] || || 0 || 0 ||1050<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org">Providing for Peacekeeping: [http://www.providingforpeacekeeping.org/profiles/ Country Profiles]</ref> || {{N}}
|-
| {{Flagcountry|Belgium}} || [[EU]]/[[NATO]]|| || 0 || 0 || 710<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/> || [[Nuclear Sharing]]
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Brazil}} || [[G20]]/[[G4 nations|G4]]/[[BRICS]]/[[UNASUR]]|| <span style="color:#0f0">Green-water navy</span>
|| 1 ||0 ||273<ref name="peacekeeping.un.org">[https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/2_country_ranking_9.pdf]</ref> ||{{N}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Canada}} || [[G20]]/[[G7]]/[[NATO]]/[[APEC]]/[[Five Eyes]]/[[Commonwealth of nations|Commonwealth]]/[[Uniting for Consensus|UfC]]|| <span style="color:#0f0">Green-water navy</span>
|| 0 || 0 || 3600<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/operations-canada-north-america-recurring/index.page |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-07-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728043310/http://forces.gc.ca/en/operations-canada-north-america-recurring/index.page |archivedate=2014-07-28 }}</ref> || {{N}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|China}} || [[UNSC|P5]]/[[G20]]/[[BRICS]]/[[APEC]]/[[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]]|| <span style="color:#0000FF">Blue-water navy</span> ||3 ||1 ||11,775<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/china-deploys-11-000-troops-in-gilgit-area-in-occupied-kashmir/673770|title=China deploys 11,000 troops in Gilgit area in Occupied Kashmir – Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>||{{Y}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Egypt}} || [[African Union]]/[[Arab League]]/[[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation|D-8]] || || 2 || 0 ||3760 <ref name="peacekeeping.un.org"/>|| {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|France}} ||[[UNSC|P5]]/[[G20]]/[[G7]]/[[EU]]/[[NATO]]/[[NATO Quint|Quint]]|| <span style="color:#0000FF">Blue-water navy</span>|| 4 || 10 || 10,300<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gouvernement.fr/en/french-military-forces-deployed-in-operations-abroad|title=French military forces deployed in operations abroad|website=Gouvernement.fr}}</ref> || {{Y}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Germany}} ||[[G20]]/[[G7]]/[[G4 nations|G4]]/[[EU]]/[[NATO]]/[[NATO Quint|Quint]] ||<span style="color:#0f0">Green-water navy</span>|| 0 ||1|| 3450<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/265883/number-of-soldiers-of-the-bundeswehr-abroad/|title=Soldiers of the Bundeswehr abroad 2016 – Statistic|website=Statista}}</ref> || [[Nuclear sharing]]
|-
|{{Flagcountry|India}} ||[[G20]]/[[BRICS]]/[[G4 nations|G4]]/[[Commonwealth of nations|Commonwealth]]/[[SAARC]]/[[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]] ||<span style="color:#0000FF">Blue-water navy</span>|| 2 || 4 || 6430<ref name="peacekeeping.un.org"/> || {{Y}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Indonesia}} ||[[G20]]/[[ASEAN]]/[[Apec]]/[[Uniting for Consensus|UFC]]/[[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation|D-8]] || || 0 || 0 ||3064<ref name="peacekeeping.un.org"/> || {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Italy}} || [[G20]]/[[G7]]/[[Uniting for Consensus|UfC]]/[[EU]]/[[NATO]]/[[NATO Quint|Quint]] || <span style="color:#0000FF">Blue-water navy</span> ||2 || 2 ||6000<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.reportdifesa.it/coi-visita-del-sottosegretario-tofalo-seimila-i-militari-impegnati-allestero-e-7-200-in-italia/ |title = COI, visita del sottosegretario Tofalo. Circa 6.000 i militari impegnati all'estero e 7.200 in Italia|date = 2018-08-10}}</ref> || [[Nuclear sharing]]
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Japan}} || [[G20]]/[[G7]]/[[G4 nations|G4]]/[[Apec]]|| <span style="color:#0f0">Green-water navy</span>
|| 4 || 1 || 278<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/> || {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Mexico}} ||[[G20]]/[[MIKTA]]/[[APEC]]/[[Uniting for Consensus|UfC]] || || 0 || 0 || || {{N}}
|-
|{{flagcountry|Netherlands}} || [[EU]]/[[NATO]]||<span style="color:#0f0">Green-water navy</span> || 0 || 0 ||650<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/> || [[Nuclear Sharing]]
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Nigeria}}|| [[African Union]]/[[OPEC]]/[[Commonwealth of nations|Commonwealth]]/[[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation|D-8]] || || 0 || 0 || 2190<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/> || {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Pakistan}} || [[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation|D-8]]/ [[Uniting for Consensus|UfC]]/[[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]]|| || 0 || 0 ||5264 <ref name="peacekeeping.un.org"/> || {{Y}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Poland}} || [[EU]]/[[NATO]] || || 0 || 0 || 3000<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/> || {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Russia}} || [[UNSC|P5]]/[[G20]]/[[BRICS]]/[[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]]/[[Eurasian Economic Union|EAEU]] || <span style="color:#0000FF">Blue-water navy</span> || 1 || 10 || 48,500<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/> || {{Y}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Saudi Arabia}} || [[G20]]/[[Opec]]/[[OIC]]/[[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf]]/[[Arab League]] || || 0 || 0 || || {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|South Africa}} || [[G20]]/[[BRICS]]/[[African Union]]/[[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] || || 0 || 0 || 1171<ref name="peacekeeping.un.org"/> || {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|South Korea}} ||[[G20]]/[[APEC]]/[[MIKTA]]/[[Uniting for Consensus|Ufc]] || <span style="color:#0f0">Green-water navy</span>
|| 1 || 0 || 1008<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/>|| {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Spain}} || [[EU]]/[[NATO]]/[[Uniting for Consensus|UfC]] || <span style="color:#0f0">Green-water navy</span> || 1 || 0 ||1500<ref name="providingforpeacekeeping.org"/> || {{N}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|Turkey}} || [[G20]]/[[D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation|D-8]]/[[MIKTA]]/[[NATO]]/[[Uniting for Consensus|UfC]]|||| 0 || 4 || 5200 (Excluding Turkish forces in Cyprus)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-qatar-turkey-military-idUSKCN0XP2IT|title=Seeing shared threats, Turkey sets up military base in Qatar|date=28 April 2017|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/what-is-turkey-doing-in-iraq.aspx?pageID=449&nID=104733&NewsCatID=466|title=What is Turkey doing in Iraq? – VERDA ÖZER|website=Hürriyet Daily News – LEADING NEWS SOURCE FOR TURKEY AND THE REGION}}</ref> || [[Nuclear sharing]]
|-
|{{Flagcountry|United Kingdom}} || [[UNSC|P5]]/[[G20]]/[[G7]]/[[APEC]]/[[Five Eyes]]/[[EU]]/[[NATO]]/[[NATO Quint|Quint]]/[[Five Power Defence Arrangements|FPDA]]/[[Commonwealth of nations|Commonwealth]]|| <span style="color:#0000FF">Blue-water navy</span> || 2 || 15 || |15,000|| {{Y}}
|-
|{{Flagcountry|United States}} || [[UNSC|P5]]/[[G20]]/[[G7]]/[[NATO]]/[[APEC]]/[[Five Eyes]]/[[NATO Quint|Quint]]/[[ANZUS]]||<span style="color:#0000FF">Blue-water navy</span> || 20 || 38 || 130,000||{{Y}}
 
|}
==أنظر أيضا==
*[[بحرية المياه الزرقاء]]
*[[Expeditionary maneuver warfare]]
*[[Expeditionary warfare]]
*[[Force concentration]]
*[[Force multiplication]]
*[[قائمة الدول التي لها قواعد عسكرية في الخارج]]
*[[Loss of Strength Gradient]]
*[[Military deployment]]
*[[إمدادات عسكرية]]
*[[Over-the-beach capability]]
*[[Seabasing]]
*[[سيادة]]
*[[Unsinkable aircraft carrier]]
*[[قوة صلبة]]
*[[إمبريالية]]
 
==مراجع==
{{مراجع|2}}