كنعانيون: الفرق بين النسختين

{{تاريخ اليهود في الشرق}}

[[ملف:Amarnamap.png|300px|تصغير|خريطة]]

 

تستخدم كلمة الكنعانيين كمصطلح عرقي يشمل مختلف فئات السكان الأصليين - المجموعات المستوطنة والبدو على حد سواء - في جميع أنحاء جنوب بلاد الشام أو كنعان.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1043&context=humbiol_preprints|first1=Aaron J.|last1=Brody|first2=Roy J.|last2=King|title=Genetics and the Archaeology of Ancient Israel|work=Wayne State University|date=1 December 2013|access-date=9 October 2018| مسار الأرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114916/https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1043&context=humbiol_preprints | تاريخ الأرشيف = 30 أبريل 2018 }}</ref> وهو إلى حد بعيد المصطلح العرقي الأكثر استخدامًا في [[الكتاب المقدس]].<ref name="Dever">{{cite book|first=William G.|last=Dever|author-link=William G. Dever|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_ByXkpofAgC&pg=PA219#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?|page=219|quote=Canaanite is by far the most common ethnic term in the Hebrew Bible. The pattern of polemics suggests that most Israelites knew that they had a shared common remote ancestry and once common culture.|isbn=9780802844163|year=2006|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|access-date=}}</ref> في [[سفر يشوع]]، تم تضمين الكنعانيين في قائمة الأمم المطلوب إبادتها، وتم وصفهم لاحقًا بأنهم مجموعة "أهلكها الإسرائيليون"،<ref>{{cite book|first=Thomas B.|last=Dozeman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fKpJCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA259|title=Joshua 1–12: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2015|page=259|quote=In the ideology of the book of Joshua, the Canaanites are included in the list of nations requiring extermination (3:10; 9:1; 24:11).|isbn=9780300172737|access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="Drews4849">{{harvnb|Drews|1998|pp=48–49}}: "The name 'Canaan' did not entirely drop out of usage in the Iron Age. Throughout the area that we—with the Greek speakers—prefer to call 'Phoenicia', the inhabitants in the first millennium&nbsp;BC called themselves 'Canaanites'. For the area south of Mt. Carmel, however, after the Bronze Age ended references to 'Canaan' as a present phenomenon dwindle almost to nothing (the Hebrew Bible of course makes frequent mention of 'Canaan' and 'Canaanites', but regularly as a land that had become something else, and as a people who had been annihilated)."</ref> على الرغم من أن هذه الرواية تتناقض مع النصوص التوراتية اللاحقة مثل [[سفر إشعيا|سفر أشعيا]]. ليس ذلك فحسب، بل أن علم الجينات أثبت أن معظم الشعب اللبناني ونسبة كبيرة من الشعب الفلسطيني يحملان الجينات الكنعانية لأيامنا هذه. يلاحظ الباحث التوراتي مارك سميث أن البيانات الأثرية تشير إلى "أن الثقافة الإسرائيلية تتداخل إلى حد كبير مع الثقافة الكنعانية وتستمد منها ... باختصار، كانت الثقافة الإسرائيلية إلى حد كبير كنعانية بطبيعتها".<ref name="JonTubb">{{cite book |last=Tubb |first=Johnathan N. |year=1998 |title=Canaanites |work=British Museum People of the Past |url=https://books.google.com/books/?id=GH-n4ctvlDYC |access-date=9 October 2018|isbn=9780806131085 }}</ref>{{rp|13–14}}<ref name="MarkSmith">{{cite book|first=Mark S.|last=Smith|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Early_History_of_God.html?id=1yM3AuBh4AsC|title=The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel|quote=Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c.&nbsp;1200 – 1000&nbsp;BC). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period.|pages=6–7|year=2002|isbn=9780802839725|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Hebrew_Bible.html?id=inRKaf_To5sC|last=Rendsberg|first=Gary|year=2008|chapter=Israel without the Bible|editor-first=Frederick E.|editor-last=Greenspahn|publisher=NYU Press|pages=3–5|isbn=9780814731871|access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref>