نظام (تحريك حراري): الفرق بين النسختين

.<ref>{{مرجع كتاب |العنوان=Thermodynamics of Spontaneous and Non-Spontaneous Processes |المؤلف1=I.M.Kolesnikov |المؤلف2=V.A.Vinokurov |المؤلف3=S.I.Kolesnikov |الصفحة=136 |مسار=http://books.google.com/books?id=2RzE2pCfijYC&pg=PA136 |الرقم المعياري=1-56072-904-X |سنة=2001 |الناشر=Nova science Publishers}}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=A System and Its Surroundings |work=ChemWiki |publisher=University of California - Davis |url=http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Thermodynamics/A_System_And_Its_Surroundings#Isolated_System |accessdate=May 2012| مسار الأرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20160203130254/http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu:80/Physical_Chemistry/Thermodynamics/A_System_And_Its_Surroundings | تاريخ الأرشيف = 3 فبراير 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=Hyperphysics | publisher=The Department of Physics and Astronomy of Georgia State University |url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/conser.html#isosys |accessdate=May 2012| مسار الأرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20190115141302/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/conser.html | تاريخ الأرشيف = 15 يناير 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع ويب|title=Open, Closed and Isolated Systems in Physical Chemistry, |work=Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Physical Chemistry |author=Bryan Sanctuary |publisher=McGill University (Montreal) |url=http://quantummechanics.mchmultimedia.com/2011/physical-chemistry/open-closed-and-isolated-systems-in-chemistry/ |accessdate=May 2012| مسار الأرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20190503084103/https://quantummechanics.mchmultimedia.com/2011/physical-chemistry/open-closed-and-isolated-systems-in-chemistry/ | تاريخ الأرشيف = 3 مايو 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{مرجع كتاب |العنوان=Material and Energy Balances for Engineers and Environmentalists |الصفحة=7 |الناشر=Imperial College Press |مسار=http://www.icpress.co.uk/etextbook/p631/p631_chap01.pdf |تاريخ الوصول=May 2012}}</ref>