اليونان القديمة: الفرق بين النسختين

{{تاريخ اليونان}}

{{التاريخ القديم}}

 

كان [[ثقافة اليونان|للثقافة اليونانية]] الكلاسيكية، وخاصة الفلسفة، تأثير قوي على [[روما القديمة]]، التي حملت نسخة منها إلى أجزاء كثيرة من [[حوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط]] و[[أوروبا]]. لهذا السبب، تعتبر اليونان الكلاسيكية بشكل عام الثقافة الأحيائية التي وفرت أساس [[الحضارة الغربية|الثقافة الغربية الحديثة]] وتعتبر مهد الحضارة الغربية.<ref name="EllynMcGinnis2004">{{مرجع كتاب|author1=Maura Ellyn|author2=Maura McGinnis|title=Greece: A Primary Source Cultural Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N69iOTtVHGYC&pg=PT8|year=2004|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3999-2|page=8}}</ref><ref name="FindlingPelle2004">{{مرجع كتاب|author1=John E. Findling|author2=Kimberly D. Pelle|title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C&pg=PR23|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32278-5|page=23}}</ref><ref name="ThompsonMullin">{{مرجع كتاب|author1=Wayne C. Thompson|author2=Mark H. Mullin|title=Western Europe, 1983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=serMXIpALD0C|publisher=Stryker-Post Publications|page=337|quote=for ancient Greece was the cradle of Western culture&nbsp;...}}</ref><!-- <ref name="Copleston2003">{{مرجع كتاب|author=Frederick Copleston|title=History of Philosophy Volume 1: Greece and Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y08L-MC36JUC&pg=PA13|date=1 June 2003|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-8264-6895-6|page=13|quote=PART I PRE-SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHY CHAPTER II THE CRADLE OF WESTERN THOUGHT: }}</ref><ref name="Iozzo2001">{{مرجع كتاب|author=Mario Iozzo|title=Art and History of Greece: And Mount Athos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q51-HAiZQwMC&pg=PA7|year=2001|publisher=Casa Editrice Bonechi|isbn=978-88-8029-435-1|page=7|quote=The capital of Greece, one of the world's most glorious cities and the cradle of Western culture,}}</ref><ref name="Melotti2011">{{مرجع كتاب|author=Marxiano Melotti|title=The Plastic Venuses: Archaeological Tourism in Post-Modern Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgIrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|date=25 May 2011|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3028-7|page=188|quote=In short, Greece, despite having been the cradle of Western culture, was then an "other" space separate from the West.}}</ref><ref>{{مرجع كتاب|title=Library Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFZVAAAAYAAJ|date=April 1972|publisher=Bowker|volume=97|page=1588|quote=Ancient Greece: Cradle of Western Culture (Series), disc. 6 strips with 3 discs, range: 44–60 fr., 17–18 min}}</ref><ref name="Burstein2002">{{مرجع كتاب|author=Stanley Mayer Burstein|title=Current Issues and the Study of Ancient History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17xmAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Regina Books|isbn=978-1-930053-10-6|page=15|quote=and making Egypt play the same role in African education and culture that Athens and Greece do in Western culture.}}</ref><ref name="Jr.2015">{{مرجع كتاب|author=Murray Milner, Jr.|title=Elites: A General Model|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvYlBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62|date=8 January 2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-7456-8950-0|page=62|quote=Greece has long been considered the seedbed or cradle of Western civilization.}}</ref><ref name="Aa.Vv.2011">{{مرجع كتاب|author=Aa.Vv.|title=Slavica viterbiensia 003: Periodico di letterature e culture slave della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere Moderne dell'Università della Tuscia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9fTPUTPPhkC&pg=PA148|date=2011-11-10T00:00:00+01:00|publisher=Gangemi Editore spa|isbn=978-88-492-6909-3|page=148|quote=The Special Case of Greece The ancient Greece was a cradle of the Western culture,}}</ref><ref name="Covert2011">{{مرجع كتاب|author=Kim Covert|title=Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVMYJNvUiYkC&pg=PP5|date=1 July 2011|publisher=Capstone|isbn=978-1-4296-6831-6|page=5|quote=Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization.&nbsp;... Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.}}</ref><ref name="Duchesne2011">{{مرجع كتاب|author=Ricardo Duchesne|title=The Uniqueness of Western Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWmDPzPo0XAC&pg=PA297|date=7 February 2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-19248-4|page=297|quote=The list of books which have celebrated Greece as the "cradle" of the West is endless; two more examples are Charles Freeman's The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World (1999) and Bruce Thornton's Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization (2000)}}</ref><ref>[[بروس ثورنتون]], ''Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization'', Encounter Books, 2002</ref><ref>Richard Tarnas, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0n2C299jeOMC&lpg=PA25&pg=PP1#v=onepage&f=false The Passion of the Western Mind]'' (New York: Ballantine Books, 1991). {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20161204141509/https://books.google.com/books?id=0n2C299jeOMC&lpg=PA25&pg=PP1 |date=04 ديسمبر 2016}}</ref><ref>Colin Hynson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hmweq2TyxvsC&lpg=PT5&pg=PT5#v=onepage&f=false Ancient Greece]'' (Milwaukee: World Almanac Library, 2006), 4. {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20161204141652/https://books.google.com/books?id=hmweq2TyxvsC&lpg=PT5&pg=PT5 |date=04 ديسمبر 2016}}</ref><ref>Carol G. Thomas, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NAwVAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&f=false Paths from Ancient Greece]'' (Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1988). {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20161204141526/https://books.google.com/books?id=NAwVAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA1 |date=04 ديسمبر 2016}}</ref> -->