الإمبراطورية الكوشانية: الفرق بين النسختين
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ط بوت:التعريب V3.5 |
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سطر 21:
|تسمية الخريطة = Kushan territories (full line) and maximum extent of Kushan dominions under [[كانيشكا]] (dotted line), according to the [[Rabatak inscription]].<ref>"The Rabatak inscription claims that in the year 1 Kanishka I's authority was proclaimed in India, in all the satrapies and in different cities like Koonadeano (Kundina), Ozeno ([[اوجاين]]), Kozambo (Kausambi), Zagedo ([[Saketa]]), Palabotro ([[Pataliputra]]) and Ziri-Tambo (Janjgir-Champa). These cities lay to the east and south of Mathura, up to which locality Wima had already carried his victorious arm. Therefore they must have been captured or subdued by Kanishka I himself." "Ancient Indian Inscriptions", S. R. Goyal, p. 93. See also the analysis of [[Sims-Williams]] and J.Cribb, who had a central role in the decipherment: "A new Bactrian inscription of Kanishka the Great", in "Silk Road Art and Archaeology" No4, 1995–1996. Also Mukherjee B.N. "The Great Kushanan Testament", Indian Museum Bulletin.</ref>
|العاصمة = [[Bagram]] <small>([[Ancient Kapisa|''Kapiśi'']])</small><br/>[[بيشاور]] <small>([[History of Peshawar|''Puruṣapura'']])</small><br/>[[تاكسيلا]] <small>(''Takṣaśilā'')</small><br/>[[ماثورا]] <small>(''Mathurā'')
|لغات مشتركة = [[كوينه|Greek]] <small>(official until ca. 127)</small><ref name="Greek">The Kushans at first retained the [[لغة يونانية]] for administrative purposes, but soon began to use Bactrian. The Bactrian [[Rabatak inscription]] (discovered in 1993 and deciphered in 2000) records that the Kushan king [[كانيشكا]] (c. 127 AD), discarded Greek (Ionian) as the language of administration and adopted Bactrian ("Arya language"), from Falk (2001): "The yuga of Sphujiddhvaja and the era of the Kuṣâṇas." Harry Falk. Silk Road Art and Archaeology VII, p. 133.</ref><br />[[Bactrian language|Bactrian]]<ref name="The Bactrian 2000 p. 133">The Bactrian [[Rabatak inscription]] (discovered in 1993 and deciphered in 2000) records that the Kushan king [[كانيشكا]] (c. 127 AD), discarded Greek (Ionian) as the language of administration and adopted Bactrian ("Arya language"), from Falk (2001): "The yuga of Sphujiddhvaja and the era of the Kuṣâṇas." Harry Falk. Silk Road Art and Archaeology VII, p. 133.</ref> <small>(official from ca. 127)</small><br />Unofficial regional languages:<br />[[Gāndhārī language|Gandhari]], [[Sogdian language|Sogdian]], [[Khwarezmian language|Chorasmian]], [[
|الديانة = [[بوذية]]<br/>[[هندوسية]]<ref name="Wink">André Wink, ''Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th-13th centuries'', (Oxford University Press, 1997), 57.</ref><br/>[[شامانية]]<br/>[[زرادشتية]]<br/>[[مانوية]]<br/>various [[Nana (Bactrian goddess)|Bactrian]]-[[ديانات هندية]]
|العملة = [[Kushan Coinage|Kushan drachma]]
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