زراعة: الفرق بين النسختين

 

=== الاحتباس الحراري ===

 

كما تُعتبر تربية الحيوانات مسؤولة عن إنتاج [[غازات دفيئة|الغازات الدفيئة]] من ثاني أكسيد الكربون والميثان في العالم، مما يتسبب في العقم المستقبلي للأراضي، وتشريد الأحياء البرية. كما تساهم الزراعة في تغير المناخ من خلال انبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة البشرية المنشأ، وتحويل الأراضي غير الزراعية مثل [[غابة|الغابات]] للاستخدام الزراعي.<ref>Section 4.2: Agriculture's current contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, in: {{مرجع كتاب|المؤلف=HLPE|العنوان=Food security and climate change. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security|المسار=http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/hlpe-food-security-and-climate-change-report-elaboration-process/en/|الناشر=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|المكان=Rome, Italy|date=June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212075812/http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/hlpe-food-security-and-climate-change-report-elaboration-process/en/|archivedate=12 December 2014|df=dmy|pp=67–69}}</ref> ساهمت الزراعة وتربية الحيوانات بنحو 20 إلى 25٪ في الانبعاثات السنوية العالمية في عام 2010.<ref>Blanco, G., ''et al.'', Section 5.3.5.4: Agriculture, Forestry, Other Land Use, in: [http://report.mitigation2014.org/report/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter5.pdf Chapter 5: Drivers, Trends and Mitigation] (archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20141230092610/http://report.mitigation2014.org/report/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter5.pdf 30 December 2014)], in: {{مرجع كتاب|السنة=2014|المؤلف=IPCC AR5 WG3|المحرر=Edenhofer, O.|العنوان=Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III (WG3) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)|المسار=http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|الناشر=Cambridge University Press|display-editors=etal|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127222605/http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|archivedate=27 November 2014|df=dmy|p=383}}. Emissions aggregated using 100-year [[احتمالية حدوث احترار عالمي]] from the [[تقرير التقييم الثاني للجنة الدولية للتغيرات المناخية]].</ref> كما يمكن لمجموعة من السياسات أن تقلل من مخاطر التأثيرات السلبية لتغير المناخ على الزراعة،<ref>Porter, J.R., ''et al.'', Section 7.5: Adaptation and Managing Risks in Agriculture and Other Food System Activities, in [http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap7_FINAL.pdf Chapter 7: Food security and food production systems] (archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20141105164634/https://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap7_FINAL.pdf 5 November 2014]), in {{مرجع كتاب|السنة=2014|المؤلف=IPCC AR5 WG2 A|المحرر=Field, C.B.|العنوان=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II (WG2) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)|المسار=http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/|الناشر=Cambridge University Press|display-editors=etal|pp=513–520}}</ref><ref>Oppenheimer, M., ''et al.'', Section 19.7. Assessment of Response Strategies to Manage Risks, in: [http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf Chapter 19: Emergent risks and key vulnerabilities] (archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20141105164634/https://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/images/uploads/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf 5 November 2014]), in {{مرجع كتاب|السنة=2014|المؤلف=IPCC AR5 WG2 A|المحرر=Field, C.B.|العنوان=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II (WG2) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)|المسار=http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/|الناشر=Cambridge University Press|display-editors=etal|p=1080}}</ref> وانبعاثات الغازات الدفيئة من القطاع الزراعي.<ref>Summary and Recommendations, in: {{مرجع كتاب|المؤلف=HLPE|العنوان=Food security and climate change. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security|المسار=http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/hlpe-food-security-and-climate-change-report-elaboration-process/en/|الناشر=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|المكان=Rome, Italy|date=June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212075812/http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/hlpe-food-security-and-climate-change-report-elaboration-process/en/|archivedate=12 December 2014|df=dmy|pp=12–23}}</ref><ref>Current climate change policies are described in {{مرجع كتاب|المؤلف=Annex I NC|ref=CITEREFAnnex I NC2014|العنوان=6th national communications (NC6) from Parties included in Annex I to the Convention including those that are also Parties to the Kyoto Protocol|المسار=http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/items/7742.php|الناشر=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|date=24 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802030817/http://unfccc.int/national_reports/annex_i_natcom/submitted_natcom/items/7742.php|archivedate=2 August 2014|df=dmy}} and {{citation|المسار=http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/items/2979.php|العنوان=Non-Annex I national communications|التاريخ=11 December 2014|ref=CITEREFNon-Annex I NC2014|مسار الأرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913171139/http://unfccc.int/national_reports/non-annex_i_natcom/items/2979.php|تاريخ الأرشيف=13 September 2014|الناشر=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|المؤلف=Non-Annex I NC|df=dmy}}</ref><ref>Smith, P., ''et al.'', Executive summary, in: [http://report.mitigation2014.org/report/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter5.pdf Chapter 5: Drivers, Trends and Mitigation] (archived [https://web.archive.org/web/20141230092610/http://report.mitigation2014.org/report/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter5.pdf 30 December 2014)], in: {{مرجع كتاب|السنة=2014|المؤلف=IPCC AR5 WG3|المحرر=Edenhofer, O.|العنوان=Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III (WG3) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)|المسار=http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|الناشر=Cambridge University Press|display-editors=etal|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127222605/http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/|archivedate=27 November 2014|df=dmy|pp=816–817}}</ref>