القوس الجنوبي: الفرق بين النسختين

{{مراجع|colwidth=25em|refs=<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{Citation| firstالأول=F. | lastالأخير=van Leeuwen |dateالتاريخ=November 2007 | titleالعنوان=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pagesالصفحات=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752}}</ref><ref name=clpl4>{{Citation| display-authors=1 | last1الأخير1=Johnson | first1الأول1=H. L. | last2الأخير2=Mitchell | first2الأول2=R. I. | last3الأخير3=Iriarte | first3الأول3=B. | last4الأخير4=Wisniewski | first4الأول4=W. Z. | titleالعنوان=UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars | journal=Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory | volume=4 | dateالتاريخ=1966 | bibcode=1966CoLPL...4...99J | pagesالصفحات=99–100}}</ref><ref name=houk1979>{{Citation| titleالعنوان=Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars | journal=Michigan Catalogue of Two-dimensional Spectral Types for the HD stars. Volume_3. Declinations -40_ƒ0 to -26_ƒ0 | volume=3 | last1الأخير1=Houk | first1الأول1=Nancy | last2الأخير2=Smith-Moore | first2الأول2=M. | publication-place=Ann Arbor, Michigan | publisherالناشر=Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan | dateالتاريخ=1979 | bibcode=1982mcts.book.....H}}</ref><ref name=rgcrv>{{Cite conference| last=Evans | first=D. S. | date=June 20–24, 1966 | editor1-last=Batten | editor1-first=Alan Henry | editor2-last=Heard | editor2-first=John Frederick | contribution=The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities | title=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 | journal=Determination of Radial Velocities and their Applications | location=University of Toronto | publisher=International Astronomical Union | bibcode=1967IAUS...30...57E | volume=30 | page=57}}</ref><ref name=aaa372>{{Citation| last1الأخير1=Hubrig | first1الأول1=S. | last2الأخير2=Le Mignant | first2الأول2=D. | last3الأخير3=North | first3الأول3=P. | last4الأخير4=Krautter | first4الأول4=J. | titleالعنوان=Search for low-mass PMS companions around X-ray selected late B stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=372 | pagesالصفحات=152–164 |dateالتاريخ=June 2001 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010452 | bibcode=2001A&A...372..152H | arxiv=astro-ph/0103201}}</ref><ref name=adelman2004>{{Cite conference| last1=Adelman | first1=Saul J. | contribution=The physical properties of normal A stars | title=The A-Star Puzzle, held in Poprad, Slovakia, July 8-13, 2004 | editor1-first=J. | editor1-last=Zverko | editor2-first=J. | editor2-last=Ziznovsky | editor3-first=S. J. | editor3-last=Adelman | editor4-first=W. W. | editor4-last=Weiss | work=IAU Symposium | issue=224 | publication-place=Cambridge, UK | publisher=Cambridge University Press | pages=1–11 |date=December 2004 | doi=10.1017/S1743921304004314 | bibcode=2004IAUS..224....1A | volume=2004}}</ref><ref name=aaa501_1_297>{{Citation| display-authors=1 | last1الأخير1=Zorec | first1الأول1=J. | last2الأخير2=Cidale | first2الأول2=L. | last3الأخير3=Arias | first3الأول3=M. L. | last4الأخير4=Frémat | first4الأول4=Y. | last5الأخير5=Muratore | first5الأول5=M. F. | last6=Torres | first6=A. F. | last7=Martayan | first7=C. | titleالعنوان=Fundamental parameters of B supergiants from the BCD system. I. Calibration of the (λ_1, D) parameters into Teff | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=501 | issue=1 | pagesالصفحات=297–320 |dateالتاريخ=July 2009 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200811147 | bibcode=2009A&A...501..297Z |arxiv = 0903.5134}}</ref><ref name=aaa393_897>{{Citation| display-authors=1 | last1الأخير1=Royer | first1الأول1=F. | last2الأخير2=Grenier | first2الأول2=S. | last3الأخير3=Baylac | first3الأول3=M.-O. | last4الأخير4=Gómez | first4الأول4=A. E. | last5الأخير5=Zorec | first5الأول5=J. | titleالعنوان=Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=393 | pagesالصفحات=897–911 |dateالتاريخ=October 2002 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20020943 | bibcode=2002A&A...393..897R | issue=3 |arxiv = astro-ph/0205255}}</ref><ref name=lang2006>{{Citation| first1الأول1=Kenneth R. | last1الأخير1=Lang | titleالعنوان=Astrophysical formulae | volume=1 | series=Astronomy and astrophysics library | editionالإصدار=3rd | publisherالناشر=Birkhäuser | dateالتاريخ=2006 | isbn=3-540-29692-1 | urlالمسار=http://books.google.com/books?id=OvTjLcQ4MCQC&pg=PA41}}. The radius (R_*) is given by: