اغتصاب تصحيحي: الفرق بين النسختين

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وسم: تعديلات طويلة
سطر 18:
 
تجادل بعض المصادر بأن العديد من حالات الاغتصاب التصحيحي ناجمة عن استنباط استنتاجات أخلاقية من نقاش الطبيعة - التنشئة. على الرغم من أن المجتمع العلمي يعتقد أن التوجه الجنسي هو نتيجة للبيولوجيا والبيئة ، <ref name="pediatrics2004">{{cite journal |doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 |author=Frankowski BL|author2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents |journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113 |issue=6 |pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref name="Lamanna">{{cite book|authors=Mary Ann Lamanna, Agnes Riedmann, Susan D Stewart|title=Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=1305176898|year=2014|page=82|accessdate=February 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|quote=The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established &nbsp;– nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age...[and evidence suggests] biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).}}</ref><ref name="Stuart">{{cite book|author=Gail Wiscarz Stuart|title=Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing|publisher=[[Elsevier Health Sciences]]|isbn=032329412X|year=2014|page=502|accessdate=February 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivALBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|quote=No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.}}</ref> كثير من الناس لا يعتقدون أن المثلية الجنسية (أو أشكال أخرى من غير الغيرية) لها أساس جيني ، وبدلاً من ذلك تعتقد أنها فقط نتيجة لبيئة واحدة. ولهذا السبب ، يعتقد بعض هؤلاء الناس أن التوجه الجنسي يمكن أن يتغير أو ، كما يرونه ، ينصلح. <ref>McCommon B (2006). "Antipsychiatry and the Gay Rights Movement". Psychiatr Serv 57 (12): 1809. {{doi|10.1176/appi.ps.57.12.1809}}</ref><ref>Rissmiller DJ, Rissmiller J; Rissmiller (2006). "Letter in reply". Psychiatr Serv 57 (12): 1809–1810. {{doi|10.1176/appi.ps.57.12.1809-a}}</ref><ref>Ladie Terry. (1994) 'ORPHANS' SPEAK OUT. San Jose Mercury News (California) Tuesday MORNING FINAL EDITION. December 13, 1994</ref>
 
== الانتشار ==
تم الإبلاغ عن الاغتصاب التصحيحي في بلدان في جميع أنحاء العالم بما في ذلك [[الإكوادور]] ، <ref name="Caselli" /> [[هايتي]] ، <ref>{{Cite news |url=http://projects.aljazeera.com/2014/haiti-lgbt/ |title=Haiti's fight for gay rights |author=Allyn Gaestel |work=Al Jazeera America |date=8 November 2014 |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> [[الهند]] ، [[جامايكا]] ، <ref name="Czyzselska">{{cite news |last=Czyzselska |first=Jane |title=No Woman No Cry: Lesbians in Jamaica |url=http://www.gaytimes.co.uk/HotSpots/Travel-page-3-sectionid-1-articleid-357.html |newspaper=GayTimes}}</ref> [[كينيا]] ، <ref name="KHRC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.khrc.or.ke/mobile-publications/equality-and-anti-discrimination/70-the-outlawed-amongst-us/file.html |title=The Outlawed Amongst Us. A study of the LGBTI community’s search for equality and non-discrimination in Kenya |publisher=Kenya Human Rights Commission |date=2011 |accessdate=9 September 2018}}</ref> [[قيرغيزستان]] ، <ref name="UNreport2011"/> [[هولندا]] ، <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.trouw.nl/samenleving/toen-was-misbruik-nog-heel-gewoon~a9d19e2f/ |title=Toen was misbruik nog heel gewoon |author=Rianne Oosterom |work=[[Trouw]] |date=4 September 2018 |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> [[نيجيريا]] ، <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/26/gay-africans-seeking-asylum-in-brooklyn/ |title=Gay Africans Seeking Asylum in New York |author=Fayemi Shakur |work=The New York Times |date=26 September 2014 |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> [[بيرو]] ، <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.latintimes.com/cure-being-gay-corrective-rapes-lesbians-reported-peru-gay-conversion-therapy-minors-336432 |title=Cure For Being Gay? Corrective Rapes Of Lesbians Reported In Peru As ‘Gay Conversion’ Therapy For Minors Banned In Illinois |author=Cedar Attanasio |work=latin Times |publisher=Newsweek Media Group |date=24 August 2015 |accessdate=8 September 2018}}</ref> [[جنوب أفريقيا]] ، <ref name="Middleton" /> [[تايلاند]] ، <ref name="Mieses" /> [[أوغندا]] ، <ref name="GuarUganda"/> [[أوكرانيا]] ، <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/in-the-us-old-homophobia-is-rising-again/ |title=Old homophobia is rising again in the United States |author=Marusya Bociurkiw |work=[[Now (newspaper)|Now]] |date=15 June 2016 |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> [[المملكة المتحدة]] ، <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-44686374 |title='Gay conversion therapy' to be banned as part of LGBT equality plan |work=BBC News |date=3 July 2018 |accessdate=7 September 2018}}</ref> [[الولايات المتحدة]] ، <ref name="MDSmith178"/> و[[زيمبابوي]]. <ref name="Shaw" /><ref name="UN" />
 
== مراجع ==