المسيحية في المملكة المتحدة: الفرق بين النسختين

 

=== الكاثوليكية ===

[[ملف:Armagh, St Patricks RC cathedral.jpg|thumb|يسار|تصغير|كاتدرائية القديس باتريك الكاثوليكيَّة في [[أرماه]].]]

الكنيسة الكاثوليكية في المملكة المتحدة هي جزء من الكنيسة الكاثوليكية العالمية في ظل القيادة الروحية [[بابوية كاثوليكية|للبابا]] في [[روما]]. يعود حضور الكنيسة الكاثوليكية في البلاد إلى ما يقرب من ألف سنة من زمن أوغسطين كانتربري، وكانت الكنيسة الرسمية في البلاد حتى عام [[1534]]، في عهد الملك [[هنري الثامن]] حيث تغير موقعها من خلال سلسلة من القوانين التشريعية بين عام [[1533]] وعام [[1536]].<ref>Dairmaid MacCulloch, ''The Reformation'' (New York: Viking, 2003), 193-4. MacCulloch: "This program became a series of legislative acts steered through the English Parliament between 1533 and 1536 by a new chief minister, the obscurely born Thomas Cromwell...."</ref> واستقلت الكنيسة عن الكرسي الرسولي لتصبح [[كنيسة إنجلترا]]، [[الكنيسة الوطنية]] في البلاد وليصبح هنري رئيسًا للكنيسة.<ref>http://www.newadvent.org/cathen The ''[[الموسوعة الكاثوليكية]]'' says this: "Before the breach with Rome under Henry VIII there was absolutely no doctrinal difference between the faith of Englishmen and the rest of Catholic Christendom, and 'Anglicanism,' as connoting a separate or independent religious system, was unknown. The name 'Ecclesia Anglicana,' or English Church, was of course employed, but always in the Catholic and Papal use of the term as signifying that part of the one Catholic Church under the jurisdiction of the Pope which was situated in England, and precisely in the same way as the Church in Scotland was called the 'Ecclesia Scotticana,' the Church in France, the 'Ecclesia Gallicana,' and the Church in Spain the 'Ecclesia Hispanica.' That such national or regional appellations were a part of the style of the Roman Curia itself, and that they in no sense could have implied any indication of independence from Rome, is sufficiently well known to all who are familiar with pre-Reformation records." {{Webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20180203140749/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/ |date=03 فبراير 2018}}</ref><ref>[[Martin Marty]], "Protestantism", ''The Encyclopedia of Religion'' (New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1987) Vol. 12, 26. Marty, a [[جامعة شيكاغو]] historian and Lutheran, says this: "Although it [the Church of England] has kept faith in the apostolic succession of bishops and has retained many pre-Reformation practices, the Anglican communion as it has existed since the break with Rome under Henry VIII in the sixteenth century is vastly different from the Catholic church under Roman papal obedience in England before and since the Reformation. In short, the Waldensians, the Czech groups, and the Anglicans alike were, and were seen to be, part of the Protestant revolt from both the viewpoints of Catholic leadership and historical scholarship ever since.</ref><ref>T. S. Eliot ''The Varieties of Metaphysical Poetry'' (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1993), 87. Eliot says this about pre-Reformation Europe: "Men had lived for centuries under a church which was the incorporated 'sensus communis' of Europe."</ref> تحت حكم ابن هنري، الملك [[إدوارد السادس]]، أصبحت كنيسة إنجلترا أكثر تأثرا بالحركة البروتستانتية الأوروبية.