التدخين والحمل: الفرق بين النسختين
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ط ←تأثيرات التدخين أثناء الحمل على الطفل بعد الولادة: بوت: تبديل قالب cite doi |
Mr.Ibrahembot (نقاش | مساهمات) ط بوت:استبدال وصلات PMID السحرية.+صيانة المراجع |
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سطر 63:
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* [[انخفاض الوزن عند الولادة]]
* [[متلازمة موت الرضع الفجائي]]<ref name="Bajanowski">Bajanowski, T.; Brinkmann, B.; Mitchell, E.; Vennemann, M.; Leukel, H.; Larsch, K.; Beike, J.; Gesid, G. (2008). "Nicotine and cotinine in infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome". International journal of legal medicine 122 (1): 23–28. {{doi|10.1007/s00414-007-0155-9}}. {{PMID
* عيوب وتأثيرات أخرى كما في الجدول.
* [[سمنة]] في المستقبل.<ref name="nguyen">Nguyen, Linda. "Teen Obesity Linked to Pre-birth Tobacco Exposure: Study."
سطر 84:
من مخاطر التدخين السلبي على الأطفال:
* [[متلازمة موت الرضع الفجائي]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=McMartin KI, Platt MS, Hackman R, Klein J, Smialek JE, Vigorito R, Koren G |title=Lung tissue concentrations of nicotine in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) |journal=[[Journal of Pediatrics|J. Pediatr.]] |volume=140 |issue=2 |pages=205–9 |year=2002 |pmid=11865272 |doi=10.1067/mpd.2002.121937}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Milerad J, Vege A, Opdal SH, Rognum TO |title=Objective measurements of nicotine exposure in victims of sudden infant death syndrome and in other unexpected child deaths |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=133 |issue=2 |pages=232–6 |year=1999 |pmid=9709711 |doi=10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70225-2}}</ref>
* ال[[ربو]]<ref>{{harvard citation no brackets|Surgeon General|2006|pp=311–9}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Vork KL, Broadwin RL, Blaisdell RJ |title=Developing asthma in childhood from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke: insights from a meta-regression |journal=[[آفاق الصحة البيئية|Environ. Health Perspect.]] |volume=115 |issue=10 |pages=1394–400 |year=2007 |pmid=17938726 |pmc=2022647 |doi=10.1289/ehp.10155}}</ref>
* [[عدوى الجهاز التنفسي]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Spencer N, Coe C |title=Parent reported longstanding health problems in early childhood: a cohort study |journal=[[Arch. Dis. Child.]] |volume=88 |issue=7 |pages=570–3 |year=2003 |pmid=12818898 |pmc=1763148 |doi=10.1136/adc.88.7.570}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=de Jongste JC, Shields MD |title=Cough . 2: Chronic cough in children |journal=Thorax |volume=58 |issue=11 |pages=998–1003 |year=2003 |pmid=14586058 |pmc=1746521 |doi=10.1136/thorax.58.11.998}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Dybing E, Sanner T |title=Passive smoking, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and childhood infections |journal=Hum Exp Toxicol |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=202–5 |year=1999 |pmid=10333302|doi=10.1191/096032799678839914}}</ref><ref name="Difranza 2004">{{cite journal |author=DiFranza JR, Aligne CA, Weitzman M |title=Prenatal and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children's health |journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]] |volume=113 |issue=4 Suppl |pages=1007–15 |year=2004 |pmid=15060193 |doi=10.1542/peds.113.4.S1.1007}}</ref>
* خلل في [[فحص وظائف الرئة|وظائف الرئة]] وتأخر في نمو الرئتين<ref name="CDC2007">[http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/factsheets/prevention/pdf/smoking.pdf Preventing Smoking and Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Before, During, and After Pregnancy]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. July 2007.</ref>
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