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|الصورة =Arnold Schoenberg la 1948.jpg
| الاسم عند الولادة =
|تاريخ الولادة =سبتمبر 13, 1874
|مكان الولادة =[[فيينا]]
|تاريخ الوفاة =يوليو 13, 1951
|مكان الوفاة =[[لوس أنجلوس]]
|سبب الوفاة =
{{مصدر|تاريخ=فبراير 2016}}
'''أرنولد شوينبيرج''' {{صوت|De-Arnold Schoenberg.oga|'''Arnold Schoenberg'''}} ({{نطق-ألم|ˈa:ɐ̯nɔlt ˈʃø:nbɛɐ̯k|pron}}؛ [[13 سبتمبر|13 من سبتمبر]] [[1874]]م - [[13 يوليو|13 من يوليو]] [[1951]]م) كان مُلحنًا نمساويًا ورسامًا، مُرتبطًا بالحركة [[التعبيرية]] في الشعر والفن الألماني، ورائدًا للمدرسة الفيينية الثانية. استخدم شوينبيرج الهجاء الألماني المعياري '''شونبيرج''' حتى بعد انتقاله إلى الولايات المتحدة في عام [[1934]]م (شتاينبرج 1995، 463)، وعندئذ بدَّله إلى شوينبيرج "احترامًا للممارسة الأمريكية" (فوس 1951، 401)، على الرغم من ادّعاء أحد الكُتَّاب بأن أرنولد قام بالتغيير قبل موعده بسنة (روس 2007، 45).
يُعد نهج شوينبيرج، من حيث كل من التناغم والتطوير، من بين المعالم الرئيسة للفكر الموسيقي في [[القرن العشرين|القرن العشرين الميلادي]]؛ فعلى الأقل قامت ثلاثة أجيال من المُلحنين في التقاليد الأوروبية والأمريكية بنشر فكره بوعي أو - في بعض الحالات - بالتفاعل عاطفيًا تجاهه. وأثناء نشأة [[الحزب النازي]] في النمسا، كانت موسيقاه مُصنَّفةً، إلى جانب موسيقى [[الجاز]]، على أنها فن مُنْحَل.{{بحاجة لمصدر|تاريخ=ديسمبر 2011|تاريخ=يونيو 2013}}
وتم جمع إرث شوينبيرج الأرشيفي في مركز أرنولد شونبيرج في فيينا.
== المراجعمراجع ==
{{مراجع}}
* Adorno, Theodor. 1967. ''Prisms'', translated from the German by Samuel and Shierry Weber London: Spearman; Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
* Anon. 2002. "[http://www.schoenberg.at/4_exhibits/asc/gott_2002/asc_gott_e.htm Arnold Schönberg and His God]". Vienna: Arnold Schönberg Center.(Accessed 1 December 2008)
* Beaumont, Antony. 2000. ''Zemlinsky''. London: Faber. ISBN 0-571-16983-X Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3803-5.
* Buhle, Pal, and David Wagner. 2002. ''Radical Hollywood: The Untold Story Behind America's Favorite Movies''. New York: The New Press. ISBN 1-56584-819-5
* Clausen, Detlev (2008). ''Theodor W. Adorno: One Last Genius'', translated by Rodney Livingstone. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-02618-6.
* Friedrich, Otto. 1986. ''City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in 1940's'' [''sic'']<!--NB: ''sic'' means "it is exactly like this in the source". Please DO NOT CORRECT THE MISUSED APOSTROPHE, which is part of the title as it appears on the cover of the book!-->. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-015626-0. Reprinted, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20949-4.
* Genette, Gérard. 1997. ''Immanence and Transcendence'', translated by G. M. Goshgarian. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8272-0.
* Greissle-Schönberg, Arnold, and Nancy Bogen. [n.d.] ''[http://schoenbergseuropeanfamily.org/ Arnold Schönberg’s European Family]'' (e-book). ''The Lark Ascending, Inc''. (Accessed 2 May 2010)
* Foss, Hubert. 1951. "Schoenberg, 1874–1951" ''Musical Times'' 92, no. 1 (September): 401–403.
* Hailey, Christopher. 1993. ''Franz Schreker, 1878–1934: A Cultural Biography''. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-39255-6.
* Haimo, Ethan. 1990. ''Schoenberg's Serial Odyssey: The Evolution of his Twelve-Tone Method, 1914–1928''. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-315260-6.
* Lebrecht, Norman. 1985. ''The Book of Musical Anecdotes''. New York: Simon and Schuster; London: Sphere Books. ISBN 0-02-918710-9
* Lebrecht, Norman. 2001. "[http://www.scena.org/columns/lebrecht/010708-NL-Schoenberg.html Why We're Still Afraid of Schoenberg]". ''The Lebrecht Weekly'' (8 July).
* Leeuw, Ton de. 2005. ''Music of the Twentieth Century: A Study of Its Elements and Structure'', translated from the Dutch by Stephen Taylor. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 90-5356-765-8. Translation of ''Muziek van de twintigste eeuw: een onderzoek naar haar elementen en structuur''. Utrecht: Oosthoek, 1964. Third impression, Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, 1977. ISBN 90-313-0244-9.
* MacDonald, Malcolm. 2008. ''Schoenberg''. The Master Musicians Series. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517201-0.
* Mahler, Alma. 1960. ''Mein Leben'', with a foreword by Willy Haas. Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer.
* Marquis Who's Who. n.d. (Who Was Who in America, Volume III {1951-1960}). Retrieved 4 October 2012.{{Full|تاريخ=أكتوبر 2012|تاريخ=يونيو 2013}}<!--Retrieved from where? In addition, a publication date, place of publication, and ISBN if there is a print edition.-->
* Neighbour, O[liver] W. (2001), "Schoenberg [Schönberg], Arnold (Franz Walter)". ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
* Rosen, Charles. 1975. ''Arnold Schoenberg''. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-13316-7 (pbk) ISBN 0-670-01986-0 (cloth). Reprinted 1996, with a new preface. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-72643-6
* Ross, Alex. 2007. ''And the Rest Is Noise: Listening to the Twentieth Century''. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, ISBN 978-0-374-24939-7
* Schonberg, Harold C. 1970. ''The Lives of the Great Composers''. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-02146-7 (Revised ed., New York: W. W. Norton, 1980. ISBN 0-393-01302-2 Third ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. ISBN 0-393-03857-2)
* Schoenberg, Arnold. 1922. ''[http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=(creator:"Arnold%20Schönberg"%20OR%20creator:"Arnold%20Schoenberg")%20AND%20mediatype:texts%20NOT%20Goethe Harmonielehre]'', third edition. Vienna: Universal Edition. (Originally published 1911). Translation by Roy E. Carter, based on the third edition, as ''Theory of Harmony''. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1978. ISBN 0-520-04945-4.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. 1959. ''Structural Functions of Harmony''. Translated by Leonard Stein. London: Williams and Norgate Revised edition, New York, London: W. W. Norton and Company 1969. ISBN 0-393-00478-3.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. 1964. ''Arnold Schoenberg Letters'', selected and edited by Erwin Stein, translated from the original German by Eithne Wilkins and Ernst Kaiser. London: Faber. Paperback reprint, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987. ISBN 978-0-520-06009-8.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. 1967. ''Fundamentals of Musical Composition''. Edited by Gerald Strang, with an introduction by Leonard Stein. New York: St. Martin's Press. Reprinted 1985, London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-09276-4
* Schoenberg, Arnold. 1975. ''Style and Idea: Selected Writings of Arnold Schoenberg''. Edited by Leonard Stein, with translations by Leo Black. New York: St. Martins Press; London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-520-05294-3. Expanded from the 1950 Philosophical Library (New York) publication edited by Dika Newlin. The volume carries the note "Several of the essays...were originally written in German (translated by Dika Newlin)" in both editions.
* Schoenberg, Arnold. 1984. ''Style and Idea: Selected Writings'', translated by Leo Black. Berkeley: California University Press.
* Steinberg, Michael. 1995. ''The Symphony: A Listener's Guide''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506177-2 (cloth) ISBN 0-19-512665-3 (pbk)
* Shoaf, R. Wayne. 1992. "Satellite Collections in the Archive of the Arnold Schoenberg Institute". ''Journal of the Arnold Schoenberg Institute'' 15, no. 1 (June): 9–110.
* Silverman, Kenneth. 2010. ''Begin Again: A Biography of John Cage''. ISBN 978-1-4000-4437-5.{{Full|تاريخ=نوفمبر 2011|تاريخ=يونيو 2013}}<!--Place, publisher needed.-->
* Strimple, Nick. 2005. ''Choral Music in the Twentieth Century''. Portland, Oregon & Cambridge, UK: Amadeus. ISBN 1-57467-122-7
* Stuckenschmidt, Hans Heinz. 1977. ''Schoenberg: His Life, World and Work''. Translated from the German by Humphrey Searle. New York: Schirmer Books.
* UCLA Department of Music. [2008]. "[http://web.archive.org/20051025130305/www.music.ucla.edu/Facilities/index.html Facilities and Maintenance]". (Accessed 1 December 2008)
* University of Southern California Thornton School of Music. [2008]. "[http://www.usc.edu/schools/music/about/halls/index.html Performance Halls and Studios]". (Accessed 1 December 2008)
* Worldspace Radio. 2007. ''Maestro "Concert Hall Presentation"''. 13 July 2007; Featured piece.{{بحاجة لمصدر|تاريخ=يوليو 2007|تاريخ=يونيو 2013}}<!--This looks like it must be a broadcast source, which usually would have a station call-sign (e.g., BBC Radio 3) and possibly city (or country) of broadcast. If it is online, a URL should be added-->
== كتابات أخرى ==
* Auner, Joseph. 1993. ''A Schoenberg Reader.'' New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09540-6.
* Boulez, Pierre. 1991. "Schoenberg is Dead" (1952). In his ''Stocktakings from an Apprenticeship'', collected and presented by Paule Thévenin, translated by Stephen Walsh, with an introduction by Robert Piencikowski, 209–14. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: [[مطبعة جامعة أكسفورد]]. ISBN 0-19-311210-8.
* Brand, Julianne, Christopher Hailey, and Donald Harris (editors). 1987. ''The Berg-Schoenberg Correspondence: Selected Letters.'' New York, London: W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-01919-5.
* Byron, Avior. 2006. "The Test Pressings of Schoenberg Conducting ''Pierrot lunaire'': Sprechstimme Reconsidered". ''Music Theory Online'' 12, no. 1 (February). http://www.societymusictheory.org/mto/issues/mto.06.12.1/mto.06.12.1.byron_frames.html
* Everdell, William R.. 1998 ''The First Moderns: Profiles in the Origins of Twentieth-Century Thought''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Eybl, Martin. 2004. ''Die Befreiung des Augenblicks: Schönbergs Skandalkonzerte von 1907 und 1908: eine Dokumentation''. Wiener Veröffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte 4. Vienna, Cologne, Weimar: Böhlau. ISBN 3-205-77103-6.
* Gur, Golan. 2009. "[http://www.searchnewmusic.org/gur.pdf Arnold Schoenberg and the Ideology of Progress in Twentieth-Century Musical Thinking]". ''Search: Journal for New Music and Culture'' 5 (Summer). Online journal (Accessed 17 October 2011).
* Hyde, Martha M. 1982. ''Schoenberg's Twelve-Tone Harmony: The Suite Op. 29 and the Compositional Sketches''. Studies in Musicology, series edited by George Buelow. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press. ISBN 0-8357-1512-4.
* Kandinsky, Wassily. 2000. "Arnold Schönberg als Maler/Arnold Schönberg as Painter". ''Journal of the Arnold Schönberg Center'', no. 1:131–76.
* Meyer, Esther da Costa. 2003. "Schoenberg's Echo: The Composer as Painter". In ''Schoenberg, Kandinsky, and the Blue Rider'', edited by Fred Wasserman and Esther da Costa Meyer, foreword by Joan Rosenbaum, preface by Christian Meyer. London and New York: Scala. ISBN 1-85759-312-X
* Rollet, Philippe (ed.). 2010. ''Arnold Schönberg: Visions et regards'', with a preface by Frédéric Chambert and Alain Mousseigne. Montreuil-sous-Bois: Liénart. ISBN 978-2-35906-028-7.
* Shawn, Allen. 2002. ''Arnold Schoenberg's Journey.'' New York: Farrar Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0-374-10590-1.
* Weiss, Adolph. 1932. "The Lyceum of Schonberg", ''Modern Music'' 9, no. 3 (March–April): 99–107.
* Wright, James K. 2007. ''Schoenberg, Wittgenstein, and the Vienna Circle.'' Bern: Verlag Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-03911-287-6.
* Wright, James and Alan Gillmor (eds.). 2009. ''Schoenberg's Chamber Music, Schoenberg's World.'' New York: Pendragon Press. ISBN 978-1-57647-130-2.
== وصلات خارجية ==
* [http://www.schoenberg.at/index.php?lang=en Arnold Schoenberg Center in Vienna]
* [http://www.schoenberg.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=162&Itemid=198&lang=en Biographical Timeline at the Arnold Schoenberg Center]
* [http://www.usc.edu/libraries/archives/schoenberg/as_disco/shoaf.htm Complete Schoenberg Discography & List of Works]
* [http://www.geocities.jp/imyfujita/air/air.html Music in the Air : 6 Kleine Klavierstucke op.19]
* [http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/s/schoenberg.html The Lied, Art Song, and Choral Texts Archive Created and maintained by Emily Ezust] Texts of the poems set in music by Schoenberg with translations in various languages.
;Writings about Schoenberg
* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t2k64b194;q1=arnold%20schoenberg;start=1;size=100;page=root;view=image;seq=103;num=89 Contemporary account on Schoenberg] by James Huneker from his work ''Ivory Apes and Peacocks'' (1917)
* [http://www.bymusic.org/blog/2008/09/Email-interview-Schoenberg-Children.html An Interview with Schoenberg's children] (2008) by Avior Byron
* [http://www.berfrois.com/2011/07/lonesome-schoenberg/ "How Arnold Schoenberg Became Lonely: Imagination versus Reality"], Sabine Feisst, ''[http://www.berfrois.com/ Berfrois]'' (2011)
{{ضبط استنادي|LCCN=n/80/32780|}}
{{شريط بوابات|الولايات المتحدة|الإمبراطورية النمساوية المجرية|يهودية|أعلام}}
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