جائزة الحرية: الفرق بين النسختين
| [نسخة منشورة] | [نسخة منشورة] |
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
لا ملخص تعديل |
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سطر 2:
أنشأت لجنة الإنقاذ الدولية عام 1933 بطلب من [[ألبرت أينشتاين]]<ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.theirc.org/irc-a-glance | title = IRC at a glance | publisher = [[لجنة الإنقاذ الدولية]] | accessdate=2010-04-22}}</ref> وقدّم الجائزة الأولى للحرية عام 1957 للسياسي الألماني [[فيلي برانت]] الذي فاز أيضاً ب[[جائزة نوبل للسلام]] عام 1971.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1971/index.html |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1971 |accessdate=2010-04-22|publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> في السنة التالية، منحت الجائزة ل[[ونستون تشرشل]] رئيس الوزراء البريطاني في فترة [[الحرب العالمية الثانية]] بسبب "الخدمة المتفانية والمخلصة لقضية الحرية الإنسانية"<ref name="churchil" />. أما أول مرة تمنح فيها الجائزة مشاركةً فكانت عام 1981 عندما منحت ل[[لين كيركلاند]] وزوجته إرينا؛ وقد استحقها لين بسبب "الإخلاص لقضية اللاجئين". كما حصل كل من المنشقين الصينيين [[لي شوخيان]] و[[فانغ ليزهو]] مناصفة عام 1991.<ref name=irc/><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/26/world/statements-by-chinese-dissidents-and-beijing.html?pagewanted=1| work = [[نيويورك تايمز]]| accessdate=2010-05-01|date=1990-06-26| title = Statements by Chinese Dissidents and Beijing}}</ref>
استحق اثنان من الرؤساء الأمريكيين الجائزة مناصفة أيضاً عام 2005 وهما [[جورج بوش الأب]] و[[بيل كلينتون]] كما حصلت عليها الممثلة [[أنجلينا جولي]] مع المفوض السامي [[المفوضية العليا للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين|للمفوضية العليا للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين]] [[أنتونيو غوتيريس]] عام 2007.
==Recipients==
{| class="sortable wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width=100 style="background:#FFE4C4;"|Year
! width=100 class=unsortable style="background:#FFE4C4;"|Image
! width=200 style="background:#FFE4C4;"|Recipient
! width=200 style="background:#FFE4C4;"| Nationality
! class=unsortable width=100 style="background:#FFE4C4;"|References
|-
| 1957
| [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F057884-0009, Willy Brandt.jpg|75px|alt=A smiling, older man in a dark suit with a narrow-striped shirt and wide-striped tie. He has receding but long, wavy hair.]]
| {{Sortname|Willy|Brandt}}
| {{العلم|GER|name=German}}
| <ref name=first>{{Cite web| url = http://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/07/nyregion/notes-on-people-kirklands-to-get-awards.html | work = [[نيويورك تايمز]] | accessdate=2010-04-22|date=1981-04-07| title = Notes on people; Kirklands to Get Awards| first=Albin|last=Krebs}}</ref>
|-
| 1958
| [[File:Sir Winston S Churchill.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Winston|Churchill}}
| {{العلم|GBR|name=British}}
| <ref name=churchill>{{Cite web| url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=71YmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h_8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6651,1916795&dq=freedom+award+churchill+1958&hl=en | title = Give Churchill Freedom Award| work = [[Gettysburg Times]] | date=1958-05-30| accessdate=2010-04-22|page=2}}</ref>
|-
| 1959
| [[File:William Donovan.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|William Joseph|Donovan}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=irc>{{Cite web|url = http://www.theirc.org/irc-freedom-award | title = IRC Freedom Award | publisher =[[لجنة الإنقاذ الدولية]]|accessdate=2010-04-22}}</ref>
|-
| 1960
| [[File:Lt com r e byrd.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Richard Evelyn|Byrd}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1965
| [[File:George Meany.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|George|Meany}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=lech/>
|-
| 1966
| [[File:David Dubinsky.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|David|Dubinsky}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1967
| [[File:DavidSarnoff 1922.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|David|Sarnoff}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=albright/>
|-
| 1969
| [[File:Lucius-d-clay-80-87.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Lucius D.|Clay}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1970
| [[File:Jacob Javits.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Jacob K.|Javits}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=albright/>
|-
| 1975
| [[File:Kreisky-Koechler-Vienna-1980 Crop.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Bruno|Kreisky}}
| {{العلم|AUT|name=Austrian}}
| <ref>{{Cite web| url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1873&dat=19750410&id=A0YfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ftEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=752,4006334| work=[[The Daytona Beach News-Journal]]| accessdate=2010-04-22|date=1975-04-10|page=35| title=Austria's Kreisky Will Get Freedom Award}}</ref>
|-
| 1976
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Leo|Cherne}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1977
| [[File:H Humphrey.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Hubert|Humphrey}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=lech/>
|-
| 1978
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Joseph|Buttinger}}
| {{العلم|AUT|name=Austrian}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1979
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Mary Pillsbury |Lord}}<sup>{{أنجر|ref_A}}[[#endnote_A|[A]]]</sup>
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1981
| [[File:Lkirkland.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Lane|Kirkland|Lane Kirkland}}<br>[[Irena Kirkland]]
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}<br>{{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=first/>
|-
| 1987
| [[File:Elie Wiesel 2009.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Elie|Wiesel}}
| {{العلم|ROM|name=Romanian}}
| <ref name=lech/>
|-
| 1987
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|John C.|Whitehead}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20001115.sgsm7625.doc.html | publisher = [[الأمم المتحدة]] | accessdate=2010-04-22|date=2000-11-15| title = Press Release – SG/SM/7625}}</ref>
|-
| 1989
| [[File:Sadruddin Aga Khan (1991) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Prince Sadruddin|Aga Khan}}
| {{العلم|FRA|name=French}}<br />{{العلم|IRN|name=Iranian}}<br />{{العلم|SUI|name=Swiss}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1989
| [[File:Lech Walesa - 2009.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Lech|Wałęsa}}
| {{العلم|POL|name=Polish}}
| <ref name=lech>{{Cite web| url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19891117&id=8xoaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YyQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6576,4265665 | title = Walesa says West to blame if Poland fails| work=[[Times-News (Hendersonville, North Carolina)|Times-News]] | accessdate=2010-04-22|date=1989-11-17|page=2}}</ref>
|-
| 1990
|
| {{Sortname|Violeta|Chamorro}}
| {{العلم|NIC|name=Nicaraguan}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1991
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Fang|Lizhi}}<br>[[Li Shuxian]]
| {{العلم|CHN|name=Chinese}}<br>{{العلم|CHN|name=Chinese}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1991
| [[File:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar.JPG|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Javier|Pérez de Cuéllar}}
| {{العلم|PER|name=Peruvian}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/03/style/social-events.html?pagewanted=1 | work = [[نيويورك تايمز]] | accessdate=2010-04-22| date = 1991-11-03|title = Social Events}}</ref>
|-
| 1992
| [[File:CyrusVanceSoS.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Cyrus|Vance}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=albright/>
|-
| 1993
| [[File:George Soros - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2010.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|George|Soros}}<sup>{{أنجر|ref_B}}[[#endnote_B|[B]]]</sup>
| {{العلم|HUN|name=Hungarian}}
| <ref name=unhcr>{{Cite web| url = http://www.unhcr.org/473055832.html| title = High Commissioner and Angelina Jolie to receive IRC Freedom Award| publisher = [[المفوضية العليا للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين]] | accessdate=2010-04-22| date=2007-11-06}}</ref>
|-
| 1993
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Dwayne|Andreas}}<sup>{{أنجر|ref_C}}[[#endnote_C|[C]]]</sup>
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1994
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Theodore J.|Forstmann}}<sup>{{أنجر|ref_B}}[[#endnote_A|[B]]]</sup>
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=eightyfour>{{Cite web| url = http://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/20/style/benefits-872687.html?pagewanted=1 | work = [[نيويورك تايمز]] | accessdate=2010-04-22| date = 1994-11-20| title = Benefits}}</ref>
|-
| 1994
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Felix|Rohatyn}}<sup>{{أنجر|ref_C}}[[#endnote_C|[C]]]</sup>
| {{العلم|AUT|name=Austrian}}
| <ref name=eightyfour/>
|-
| 1995
| [[File:Aung San Suu Kyi 17 November 2011.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Aung San|Suu Kyi}}<sup>{{أنجر|ref_D}}[[#endnote_D|[D]]]</sup>
| {{العلم|Burma|1974|name=Burmese}}
| <ref name=un/>
|-
| 1995
| [[File:Sadako Ogata.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Sadako|Ogata}}
| {{العلم|JPN|name=Japanese}}
| <ref name=un/>
|-
| 1995
| [[File:Holbrooke-Amtsfoto 1-293x400.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Richard|Holbrooke}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=irc/>
|-
| 1997
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Robert P.|De Vecchi}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=albright/>
|-
| 1999
| [[File:Albrightmadeleine.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Madeleine|Albright}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=albright>{{Cite web|url = http://www.theirc.org/news/madeleine-albright-receives-international-rescue-committees-freedom-award-3837 | title = Madeleine Albright receives International Rescue Committee's Freedom Award|publisher = [[لجنة الإنقاذ الدولية]]| accessdate=2010-04-22|date=1999-11-10}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| [[File:John McCain official portrait 2009.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|John|McCain}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url = http://mccain.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressOffice.Speeches&ContentRecord_id=958c32e7-3044-4620-bec4-a46d4a859a42&Region_id=&Issue_id=e2d83197-0adb-4a53-994a-9eb58268b452 | title = Remarks of Senator John McCain – The International Rescue Committee's 2001 Freedom Award Dinner| accessdate=2010-04-22|date=2001-11-14| publisher=U.S. Senator John McCain – Arizona}}</ref>
|-
| 2002
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|Reynold|Levy}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref>{{Cite web| url = http://aysps.gsu.edu/nsp/2355.html | publisher = [[جامعة ولاية جورجيا]] | accessdate=2010-04-22 | title = 2008 UPS Lecture on Nonprofit Leadership, Governance and Economic Stewardship}}</ref>
|-
| 2002
| [[File:Hamid Karzai in February 2009.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Hamid|Karzai}}
| {{العلم|AFG|name=Afghan}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.afghanembassyjp.com/en/government/ | title = His Excellency President Hamed Karzai| publisher = The Embassy of Afghanistan – Tokyo | accessdate=2010-04-22}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| [[File:Václav Havel.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Václav|Havel}}
| {{العلم|CZE|1936|name=Czech}}
| <ref name=un/>
|-
| 2004
| [[File:Darfur-Rally 019.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Roméo|Dallaire}}<sup>{{أنجر|ref_B}}[[#endnote_B|[B]]]</sup>
| {{العلم|CAN|name=Canadian}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.hks.harvard.edu/cchrp/pdf/IRCSpeech.pdf | format=pdf | accessdate=2010-04-22| title = Samantha Power – IRC Freedom Award Dinner – November 10, 2004|publisher = [[جامعة هارفارد]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| [[File:43 George H.W. Bush 3x4.jpg|75px]]<br>[[File:Bill Clinton.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|George H.W.|Bush}}<br>[[بيل كلينتون]]
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}<br>{{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.theirc.org/news/irc-honors-former-presidents-bush-and-clinton-tsunami-katrina-relief-efforts-3690| title = IRC Honors Former Presidents Bush and Clinton for Tsunami, Katrina Relief Efforts| publisher = [[لجنة الإنقاذ الدولية]]|accessdate=2010-05-14|date=2005-11-10}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| [[File:Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf detail 071024-D-9880W-027.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Ellen Johnson|Sirleaf}}
| {{العلم|Liberia|name=Liberian}}
| <ref>{{Cite web| url = http://emansion.gov.lr/content.php?sub=President%27s%20Biography&related=The%20President | title = Biographical Brief of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf| publisher= Government of the Republic of Liberia – Executive Mansion| accessdate=2010-04-22}}</ref>
|-
| 2007
| [[File:António Guterres.jpg|75px]]<br>[[File:Angelina Jolie at Davos crop.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|António|Guterres}}<br>[[أنجلينا جولي]]
| {{العلم|POR|name=Portuguese}}<br>{{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=un>{{Cite web| url = http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=24590&Cr=freedom&Cr1=award | publisher = [[الأمم المتحدة]] | accessdate=2010-04-22 | title = UN refugee agency, Angelina Jolie receive Freedom Award|date=2007-11-08}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| [[File:Kofi Annan.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Kofi|Annan}}
| {{العلم|GHA|name=Ghanaian}}
| <ref>{{Cite web| url = http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/give-til-it-hurts/story-e6frg6z6-1111118257963 | title = Give 'til it hurts| work = [[The Australian]] | coauthors = Harris, Bret|accessdate=2010-05-19|date=2008-12-09| first=Stephen|last=Lunn}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| [[File:Tom Brokaw by David Shankbone.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|Brokaw|family|Tom Brokaw|Brokaw}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref name=recent/>
|-
| 2012
| align=center|—
| {{Sortname|John C.|Whitehead}}
| {{العلم|USA|name=American}}
| <ref>{{Cite web| url = http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2012/11/08/international-rescue-committee-honors-john-c-whitehead/ | work = [[وول ستريت جورنال]] | date = 2012-11-08 | accessdate = 2013-09-06 | title = Kissinger, Bloomberg Honor IRC at Freedom Award Dinner | first = Monika | last = Anderson}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| [[File:George Soros - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2010.jpg|75px]]
| {{Sortname|George|Soros}}<sup>{{أنجر|ref_B}}[[#endnote_B|[B]]]</sup>
| {{العلم|HUN|name=Hungarian}}
| <ref name="unhcr"/><ref>{{Cite web|last1=International Rescue Committee|title=Freedom Award: Honoring George Soros|url=http://www.rescue.org/blog/freedom-award-honoring-george-soros|website=http://www.rescue.org/blog/freedom-award-honoring-george-soros|publisher=International Rescue Committee|accessdate=22 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
|
| عمال في مجال المساعدات الإنسانية
|
| <ref>[http://www.rescue.org/video/honoring-humanitarian-aid-worker تكريم عمال الإغاثة]، إنقاذ، 2014</ref>
|}
==المراجع==
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