مشروع جينوم الشمبانزي: الفرق بين النسختين

 

* الجين '''PGML'''الموجود في [[صبغي 2 (إنسان)|صبغي 2]] عند الإنسان ليس كاملا وربما لا يكون له [[عامل نسخ ]].<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Fan Y, Newman T, Linardopoulou E, Trask BJ |title=Gene content and function of the ancestral chromosome fusion site in human chromosome 2q13-2q14.1 and paralogous regions |journal=Genome Res. |volume=12 |issue=11 |pages=1663–72 |date=November 2002 |pmid=12421752 |pmc=187549 |doi=10.1101/gr.338402 |url=http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/full/12/11/1663}}</ref>

 

In the distant past, a common ancestor to mice and apes incorporated a copy of a cobalamin synthetase gene (see: [[Horizontal gene transfer]]). Humans are unusual in that they have several copies of cobalamin synthetase-like genes, including the one on chromosome 2. It remains to be determined what the function of these human cobalamin synthetase-like genes is. If these genes are involved in vitamin B₁₂ metabolism, this could be relevant to human evolution. A major change in human development is greater post-natal brain growth than is observed in other apes. Vitamin B₁₂ is important for brain development, and vitamin B₁₂ deficiency during brain development results in severe neurological defects in human children.