الجدل حول ختان الإناث في كينيا: الفرق بين النسختين
| [نسخة منشورة] | [نسخة منشورة] |
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
لا ملخص تعديل |
لا ملخص تعديل |
||
سطر 3:
قام البريطانيون بإثارة حملة لوقف ممارسة [[ختان الإناث]] في [[كينيا البريطانية | كينيا]] فى 1929–32.<ref>Joceyln Murray, ''The Kikuyu Female Circumcision Controversy, with special reference to the Church Missionary Society's sphere of influence'', PhD thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1974.<p>
Lynn M. Thomas, [http://books.google.com/books?id=rhhRXiJIGEcC&pg=PA129 "'Ngaitana (I will circumcise myself)': Lessons from Colonial Campaigns to Ban Excision in Meru, Kenya"], in Bettina Shell-Duncan, Ylva Hernlund (eds), ''Female "Circumcision" in Africa''. Lynne Rienner, 2000, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rhhRXiJIGEcC&pg=PA132 132]: "The years 1929 to 1931 mark what has been termed within Kenyan historiography as the "female circumcision controversy."<p>
Margaret Strobel, Marjorie Bingham, "Appendix A. World Studies as an Approach to World History: Female Genital Cutting and Kenyan/Gikuyu Nationalism," in Bonnie G. Smith (ed.), ''Women's History in Global Perspective'', University of Illinois Press, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5RYAhYL8j3wC&pg=PA35 35]: "The 'female circumcision controversy' played a critical role in Gikuyu nationalism.</ref>
The Kikuyu regarded FGM as an important rite of passage between childhood and adulthood. Uncircumcised women were outcasts, and the idea of abandoning the practice was unthinkable.<ref name=Strayer>Robert Strayer, Jocelyn Murray, [http://books.google.com/books?id=9kpLvKnZCR8C&pg=PA136 "The CMS and Female Circumcision"], in Robert Strayer (ed.), ''The Making of Missionary Communities in East Africa'', Heinemann Educational Books, 1978, p. 36ff.</ref> [[Jomo Kenyatta]], who became Kenya's first prime minister in 1963, wrote in 1930:
| |||