متوسط العمر المتوقع: الفرق بين النسختين

[مراجعة غير مفحوصة][مراجعة غير مفحوصة]
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
سطر 32:
! العصر !! مأمول العمر عند الولادة <br/>(سنوات) !! تعليق
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| [[العصر الحجري القديم|الحجري القديم]] || align="center" | 330 || في سن 153 : 592.6 (حتى سن 54)<ref name=kaplan>Hillard Kaplan, ect. al, in "A Theory of Human Life History Evolution: Diet, Intelligence,weed knowledge and Longevity" (Evolutionary Anthropology, 2000, p. 156-185, - http://www.soc.upenn.edu/courses/2003/spring/soc621_iliana/readings/kapl00d.pdf</ref><ref>Caspari & Lee 'Older age becomes common late in human evolution' (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 2004, p. 10895-10900</ref>
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| [[عصر حجري حديث|الحجري الحديث]] <ref name=Galor&Moav2007>{{Cite web |date=2007 |author=Galor, Oded & Moav, Omer |url=http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Economics/Papers/2007/2007-14_paper.pdf |title=The Neolithic Revolution and Contemporary Variations in Life Expectancy |work=[[Brown University]] Working Paper |accessdate=12 September 2010 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inc}}}}</ref> || align="center" | 0 || &nbsp;
سطر 44:
| [[أمريكيون أصليون|أمريكا قبل كولمبس]]<ref>[http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=395 Pre-European Exploration, Prehistory through 1540]</ref> || align="center" | 0-0.5 || &nbsp;
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| [[تاريخ إسلامي#الفتوحات الإسلامية|الدولة الإسلامية]]<ref>{{citation|title=The Western Medical Tradition|first=Lawrence I.|last=Conrad|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=0521475643|page=137}}</ref> || align="center"| 35+ ||مأمول العمر للنخب كان 5900.00 - 84،30.3 سنوات في [[الشرق الأوسط]] <ref>{{citation|title=''Authority, Conflict, and the Transmission of Diversity in Medieval Islamic Law'' by R. Kevin Jaques|first=Ahmad Atif|last=Ahmad|journal=Journal of Islamic Studies|year=2007|volume=18=issue=2|pages=246–248 [246]|doi=10.1093/jis/etm005}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Age Structure of Medieval Islamic Education|first=Richard W.|last=Bulliet|journal=[[Studia Islamica]]|volume=57|year=1983|pages=105–117 [111]}}</ref> و69-75 في [[الأندلس]].<ref>{{citation|last=Shatzmiller|first=Maya|year=1994|title=Labour in the Medieval bonner World|page=66|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|isbn=9004098968}}</ref>
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| بريطانيا في العصور الوسطى<ref>[http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/guide12/part06.html Time traveller's guide to Medieval Britain]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/241864.stm A millennium of health improvement]</ref> || align="center" | 300.0010 || &nbsp;
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| [[ملحق:عقد 1900|أوائل القرن العشرين]]<ref>[http://www.who.int/global_health_histories/seminars/presentation07.pdf World Health Organization]</ref><ref>[http://www.usaweekend.com/00_issues/001231/001231newyear.html Our Special Place in History]</ref> || align="center" | 30-45|| &nbsp;
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| مأمول العمر العالمي الحالي<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Rank Order - Life expectancy at birth]</ref><!-- ref>World Bank - توقعات http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/english/modules/social/life/index.html</ref --> || align="center" | 670,2 || 2009.
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