جريلين: الفرق بين النسختين

وقد برز جريلين كأول هرمون الجوعللجوع معرف فى الدم . جريلين وجريلين الاصطناعيةالاصطناعي يشابهان ( هرمون النمو secretagogues)يؤديان لزيادة كمية المواد الغذائية وزيادة كتلة الدهون<ref>{{cite journal | author = Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL | title = Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues | journal = Biochem Biophys Res Commun | volume = 280 | issue = 1 | pages = 132–138 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11162489 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.2000.4065 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Tschöp M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML | title = Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents | journal = Nature | volume = 407 | issue = 6806 | pages = 908–913 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11057670 | doi = 10.1038/35038090 }}</ref> بواسطة فعل مبذولة على مستوى منطقة ما تحت المهاد. انها تنشط الخلايا في [[arcuate nucleus]]<ref>{{cite journal | author = Hewson AK, Dickson SL | title = Systemic administration of ghrelin induces Fos and Egr-1 proteins in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of fasted and fed rats | journal = J Neuroendocrinol. | volume = 12 | issue = 11 | pages = 1047–1049 | year = 2000 | pmid = 11069119 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00584.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Dickson SL, Leng G, Robinson ICAF | title = Systemic administration of growth hormone-releasing peptide activates hypothalamic arcuate neurons | journal = Neuroscience | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 303–306 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8492908 | doi = 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90197-N }}</ref> يتضمن مشه نيوروبيبتيدي الخلايا العصبية Y (NPY). <ref>{{cite journal | author = Dickson SL, Luckman SM | title = Induction of c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid in neuropeptide Y and growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus following systemic injection of the GH secretagogue, GH-releasing peptide-6 | journal = Endocrinology. | volume = 138 | issue = 2 | pages = 771–777 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9003014 | doi = 10.1210/en.138.2.771 }}</ref> جريلين التجاوب من هذه الخلايا العصبية على حد سواء حساسية اللبتين والأنسولين . <ref name="pmid12453894">{{cite journal | author = Hewson AK, Tung LY, Connell DW, Tookman L, Dickson SL | title = The rat arcuate nucleus integrates peripheral signals provided by leptin, insulin, and a ghrelin mimetic | journal = Diabetes. | volume = 51 | issue = 12 | pages = 3412–3419 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12453894 | doi = 10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3412 }}</ref> أيضا جريلين ينشط mesolimbic الرابط كوليني-الدوبامين مكافأة، الدائرة التي يتصل بالجوانب المتعة ويعزز من المكافآت الطبيعية،: مثل المواد الغذائية، فضلا عن إدمان المخدرات،: مثل الإيثانول.<ref name="pmid12453894" /><ref>{{cite journal | author = Jerlhag E, Egecioglu, E, Dickson SL, Andersson M, Svensson L, Engel JA | title = Ghrelin Stimulates Locomotor Activity and Accumbal Dopamine-Overflow via Central Cholinergic Systems in Mice: Implications for its Involvement in Brain Reward | journal = [[Addiction Biology]] | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–54 | year = 2004 | pmid = 16759336 | doi = 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2006.00002.x }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Jerlhag E, Egecioglu E, Dickson SL, Douhan A, Svensson L, Engel JA | title = Ghrelin administration into tegmental areas stimulates locomotor activity and increases extracellular concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens | journal = [[Addiction Biology]] | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 6–16 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17407492 | doi = 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2006.00041.x }}</ref> في الواقع، هو المطلوب جريلين وسط إشارات لمكافأة من الكحول.<ref name="pmid19564604">{{cite journal | author = Jerlhag E, Egecioglu E, Landgren S, Salomé N, Heilig M, Moechars D, Datta R, Perrissoud D, Dickson SL, Engel JA | title = Requirement of central ghrelin signaling for alcohol reward | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 106 | issue = 27 | pages = 11318–23 | year = 2009 | month = July | pmid = 19564604 | pmc = 2703665 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0812809106 }}</ref> والأطعمة مستساغة / ومجزية.<ref name="pmid20477752">{{cite journal | author = Egecioglu E, Jerlhag E, Salomé N, Skibicka KP, Haage D, Bohlooly-Y M, Andersson D, Bjursell M, Perrissoud D, Engel JA, Dickson SL | title = Ghrelin increases intake of rewarding food in rodents | journal = Addict Biol | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 304–11 | year = 2010 | month = July | pmid = 20477752 | pmc = 2901520 | doi = 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00216.x }}</ref><ref name="pmid21309956">{{cite journal | author = Skibicka KP, Hansson C, Egecioglu E, Dickson SL | title = Role of ghrelin in food reward: impact of ghrelin on sucrose self-administration and mesolimbic dopamine and acetylcholine receptor gene expression | journal = Addict Biol | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 95–107 | year = 2012 | month = January | pmid = 21309956 | pmc = 3298643 | doi = 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00294.x }}</ref> هناك أدلة قوية على أن هرمون جريلين أيضا لديه الطرفية شهية تأثير تغييري على الشبع من خلال التأثير على mechanosensitivity من المعدة [[العصب المبهم | المبهم]] [[الألياف العصبية وارد | afferents]]، مما يجعلها أقل حساسية للانتفاخ الناتجة في أكثر من تناول الطعام.<ref name="pmid17290011" />