صراع بلوشستان: الفرق بين النسختين
| [نسخة منشورة] | [نسخة منشورة] |
تم حذف المحتوى تمت إضافة المحتوى
محمد العجاني (نقاش | مساهمات) وسمان: تحرير من المحمول تعديل ويب محمول |
محمد العجاني (نقاش | مساهمات) لا ملخص تعديل وسمان: تحرير من المحمول تعديل ويب محمول |
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سطر 1:
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Balochistan conflict
| partof =
| image = [[File:Major ethnic groups of Pakistan in 1980 borders removed.jpg|300px]]
| caption = Map with the Balochistan region in pink.
| date = 1948 – ''present'' ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|year=1948}})<br/>'''Main incidents:''' 1948, 1958–59, 1963–69, 1973–77, 2004–2012, 2012–present (low-level insurgency)
| place = [[Balochistan (region)|Balochistan]]
| status = [[List of ongoing military conflicts|Ongoing]]
* '''[[1970s operation in Balochistan|Pakistan Army operation, 1973–1977]]'''
* Insurgent attack on [[Gwadar port]] draws China into the conflict.<ref name=a/>
* [[Akbar bugti#Death|Killing of Akbar Bugti]]
* [[Human rights violations in Balochistan|Human rights issues]]
* [[Missing persons (Pakistan)]]
* Political violence largely subdued, talks underway (May 2012)<ref name=b>{{cite web
| title = IB advise talks with Baloch separatists
| work = Dawn
| url = http://www.dawn.com/news/699129/ib-advice-talks-with-baloch-separatists
| date = 29 February 2012
}}</ref><ref name=c>{{cite web
| title = President, PM must talk to Baloch leadership: Nawab Talpur
| newspaper = Pakistan Observer
| url = http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=142289
| accessdate = 19 May 2012
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324171548/http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=142289
|archivedate=24 March 2014 }}</ref>
| combatant1 = '''{{flag|Pakistan}}'''
* [[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|25px]] [[Pakistan Army]]
* [[Inter-Services Intelligence]]
* [[Military Intelligence of Pakistan]]
* [[Frontier Corps]]
'''{{flag|Iran}}'''<ref name=d>{{Cite news
| title = Jundallah: Profile Of A Sunni Extremist Group
| author = Abubakar Siddique
| publisher = Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
| url = http://www.rferl.org/content/Jundallah_Profile_Of_A_Sunni_Extremist_Group/1856699.html
| date = 20 October 2009
}}</ref>
* [[Imperial Army of Iran|Imperial Army]] (until 1979)
* [[Iranian Revolutionary Guards|IRGC]] (since 1980)
* [[Islamic Republic of Iran Border Guard Command|Border Guard]] (since 2000)
'''Supported by:'''<br>
{{Flag|United States}} (supporting Pakistan; supporting Iran until 1979)
{{Flag|China}} (Entered in 2005)
| combatant2 = '''[[Baloch nationalism|Baloch separatist groups]]'''
* {{flagicon image|BRA flag.jpg}} [[Baloch Liberation Army|BLA]]
* {{flagicon image|BRA flag.jpg}} [[Baloch Republican Army|BRA]]
* [[Balochistan Liberation Front|BLF]]
* [[United Baloch Army|UBA]]
* [[Lashkar-e-Balochistan|LeB]]
* [[Balochistan Liberation United Front|BLUF]]
* [[Baloch Students Organization|BSO (Azad)]]
'''Supported by:'''<br /> {{flag|Iraq|1963}} {{small|(1970s)}}<ref name=h>{{cite web
| title = Iraq's shadow on Balochistan
| author = B Raman
| newspaper = Asia Times
| url = http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EA25Df01.html
| dead-url = no
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101122055045/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/EA25Df01.html
| date = 25 January 2003 | access-date = 21 December 2010 | archive-date = 22 November 2010
}}</ref> <br /> {{flag|India}} (alleged)<br /> {{flag|Soviet Union}} (until 1988, alleged)<br /> {{flagicon|Afghanistan|1980}} [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] (until 1992)<br />
----
'''Sectarian groups''' <br />[[Jundallah (Iran)|Jundallah]]<ref name=f>{{cite web
| title = Iran Offers Short-Term Solutions To Long-Term Problems Of Baluch Minority – Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty 2010
| last = Aryan | first = Hossein
| publisher = Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
| url = http://www.rferl.org/content/Iran_Offers_ShortTerm_Solutions_To_LongTerm_Problems_Of_Baluch_Minority/1858243.html
| dead-url = no
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101125095547/http://www.rferl.org/content/Iran_Offers_ShortTerm_Solutions_To_LongTerm_Problems_Of_Baluch_Minority/1858243.html
| access-date = 21 December 2010 | archive-date = 25 November 2010
}}</ref><ref name=g>{{cite web
| title = Iranian group makes kidnap claim – Middle East
| publisher = Al Jazeera
| url = http://english.aljazeera.net/video/middleeast/2010/10/2010101016024116222.html
| date = 10 October 2010 | access-date = 21 December 2010
}}</ref> <br />[[Jaish ul-Adl]]<br />[[Jundallah (Pakistan)|Jundallah]]<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[al-Qaeda]]<br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Lashkar-e-Jhangvi]]<ref name=h /> <br /> {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} [[Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan|Sipah-e-Sahaba]]<ref name=h />
'''Supported by:'''
{{flag|Israel}} (only in Iran)<ref name=e>{{Cite news
| title = False Flag
| author = Mark Perry
| publisher = FP
| url = http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/13/false_flag
| date = 13 January 2012
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023122109/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/13/false_flag
|archivedate=23 October 2014 }}</ref> <br /> {{flag|United States}} (alleged, only in Iran)<ref name=s1>{{Cite news
| title = Iran Jundullah leader claims US military support
| publisher = BBC
| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8537567.stm
| date = 26 February 2010
}}</ref>
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of the President of Pakistan 1956-1967.svg|25px]] [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] (1949–1951)<br />[[File:Flag of the President of Pakistan 1956-1967.svg|25px]] [[Muhammad Ayub Khan|Ayub Khan]] (1958–1969)<br />[[File:Flag of the Prime Minister of Pakistan.svg|25px]] [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] (1971–1973)<br />[[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|25px]] [[Tikka Khan]] (1988–1990)<br />[[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|26px]] [[Rahimuddin Khan]] (1979–1988)<br />[[File:Flag of the President of Pakistan.svg|26px]] [[Pervez Musharraf]] (2001–2008)<br />[[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|26px]] [[Ashfaq Parvez Kayani]] (2007–2013)<br />[[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|26px]] [[Raheel Shareef]] (2013–present)<br /><br />{{Flagicon|Iran|1964}} [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] (1979–1980)<br /> {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] (1979–1989)<br /> {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Ali Khamenei]] (1989–present)
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|QalatFlag.svg}} [[Prince Karim Khan|Karim Khan]]{{small|{{POW}}}}<br /> [[Nowroz Khan]]{{small|{{POW}}}}<br />[[Khair Bakhsh Marri]] {{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|}} [[Balach Marri]] {{KIA}}<br />{{flagicon image|}} [[Brahamdagh Bugti]]<ref name=i>{{cite web
| title = PressTV – Baloch rebels 'linked with Afghanistan'
| publisher = Press TV
| url = http://edition.presstv.ir/detail/105163.html
| date = 3 September 2009 | access-date = 21 December 2010
}}</ref> <br />[[Allah Nazar Baloch]]<br />[[Javed Mengal]]<ref name=j>{{cite web
| title = Butchering settlers on Independence day
| url = http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=48484
|work=Pakistan Observer
|deadurl=yes
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212816/http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=48484
|archivedate=16 January 2013 }}</ref>
----
[[Dad Shah]] {{KIA}}<br /> {{flagicon image<!-- Commented out: |Jondollah Logo.png -->}}[[Abdolmalek Rigi]] {{KIA}}<br /> {{flagicon image<!-- Commented out: |Jondollah Logo.png -->}}[[Abdolhamid Rigi]] {{KIA}}<br /> {{flagicon image<!-- Commented out: |Jondollah Logo.png -->}}[[Muhammad Dhahir Baluch]]
| strength1 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan <br />
* [[File:Flag of the Pakistani Army.svg|26px]] [[Pakistani Armed Forces|Pakistan Army]]: 50,000<ref name=l>{{Cite news
| title = Balochistan: Pakistan's internal war
| author = Ray Fulcher
| publisher = Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières
| url = http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article4120
| date = 30 November 2006
}}</ref>
* [[Frontier Corps]]: 50,000<ref name=l />
| strength2 = {{flagicon image|}} [[Balochistan Liberation Army|BLA]]: 10,000<ref name=m>{{cite web
| title = Balochistan: Cruces of History- Part II
| last = Krishna | first = Maloy
| publisher = Maloy Krishna Dhar
| url = http://maloykrishnadhar.com/balochistan-cruces-of-history-part-ii
| date = 10 August 2009 | access-date = 21 December 2010
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011084818/http://maloykrishnadhar.com/balochistan-cruces-of-history-part-ii
|archivedate=11 October 2010 }}</ref>
----
{{flagicon image}} [[Jundallah (Pakistan)|Jundallah]]: 700<ref name=n>{{cite web
| title = Jundallah a wedge between Iran, Pakistan
| newspaper = Asia Times
| url = http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KH07Df04.html
| dead-url = no
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101129211226/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KH07Df04.html
| date = 7 August 2009 | access-date = 21 December 2010 | archive-date = 29 November 2010
}}</ref> −2,000<ref name=o>{{cite web
| title = Iran gets its man
| newspaper = Asia Times
| url = http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/LB25Df02.html
| dead-url = no
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101129194423/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/LB25Df02.html
| date = 25 February 2010 | access-date = 21 December 2010 | archive-date = 29 November 2010
}}</ref>
| casualties1 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} ''Pakistani security forces''<br /> '''1973–1977:'''<br /> 3,000–3,300 killed<ref name=p>{{cite web
| title = Eckhardt, SIPRI 1988: 3,000 military + 6,000 civilians = 9,000, Clodfelter: 3,300 govt. losses
| publisher = Users.erols.com
| url = http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat6.htm
| access-date = 14 October 2014
}}</ref> <br /> '''2006–2009:'''<br /> 303+ killed<ref name=q>{{cite web
| title = Balochistan Assessment – 2010
| publisher = Satp.org
| url = http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/Balochistan/index.html
| dead-url = no
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101111065356/http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/Balochistan/index.html
| access-date = 21 December 2010 | archive-date = 11 November 2010
}}</ref> <br /> {{flagicon|Iran}} ''Iran''<br />154 killed (security forces and civilians)<ref name=r>{{cite web
| title = Iran Executes Insurgent Leader, Accused of Ties With American Intelligence
| last = Goodenough | first = Patrick
| publisher = CNSnews.com
| url = http://dev.cnsnews.com/news/article/iran-executes-insurgent-leader-accused-ties-american-intelligence
| date = 20 June 2010 | access-date = 6 July 2015
}}{{dead link|date=May 2016}}</ref>
| casualties2 = ''Baloch fighters''<br /> '''1973–1977'''<br /> 5,300 killed<ref name=p /> <br /> '''2006–2009:'''<br /> 380+ killed<ref name=q />
| casualties3 = ~6,000 civilians killed in Pakistan (1973–1977)<ref name=p /> <br /> 1,628+ civilians killed in Pakistan (2004–2009)<ref name=l /><ref name=q /> <br /> ~4,500 arrested (2004–2005)<ref name=l /> <br /> ~140,000 displaced (2004–2005)<ref name=l /> <br /> {{flagicon|China}} 3 Chinese engineers killed<br />4 kidnapped<br />5 oil tankers damaged<ref name=a />
| campaign =
}}
'''صراع بلوشستان''' هو حرب عصابات يشنها [[بلوش|القوميين البلوش]] ضد حكومات [[باكستان]] و [[إيران]] في منطقة بلوشستان، التي تغطي [[بلوشستان (باكستان)|إقليم بلوشستان]] في جنوب غرب باكستان، [[سيستان وبلوشستان (محافظة)|مقاطعة سيستان وبلوشستان]] في جنوب شرق إيران، ومنطقة بلوشستان في جنوب [[أفغانستان]]. المنطقة غنية بالموارد الطبيعية مثل الغاز الطبيعي، النفط، الفحم، النحاس، الكبريت، الفلوريد والذهب،<ref>Sreemoy Talukdar (20 August 2016). [http://www.firstpost.com/india/balochistan-pakistans-darkest-underbelly-and-dirtiest-open-secret-now-lies-exposed-2966822.html "Balochistan: Pakistan's darcest underbelly and dirtiest open secret lies exposed"]. Firstpost.</ref> لكنها هي أقل محافظة نموا في باكستان.<ref>Qasim Nauman (17 August 2016). [http://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2016/08/17/what-is-pakistans-balochistan-insurgency-and-why-is-indias-modi-talking-about-it-the-short-answer/ "What Is Pakistans Balochistan Insurgency and Why Is indias Modi Talking About It The Short Answer"]. The Wall Street Journal.</ref> يريد البلوش حكما ذاتيا أوسع، زيادة الإتاوات من إيرادات الموارد الطبيعية المحلية، و دولة قومية مستقلة.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8169961.stm "Baloch separatists attack traders"]. BBC News.</ref> في عقد 2010، ارتفعت الهجمات ضد المجتمع [[شيعة|الشيعي]] من قبل المجموعات الطائفية —وإن لم تكن دائما ذات صلة مباشرة بالصراع السياسي—، وساهمت في التوترات في بلوشستان.<ref>Kine, Phelim (5 July 2014. [http://thediplomat.com/2014/07/pakistans-shia-under-attack/ "Pakistans Shia Under Attack"]. The Diplomat.</ref><ref>[http://www.hrw.org/node/126079 "We are the Walking Dead" – Killings of Shia Hazara in Balochistan, Pakistan]. Human Rights Watch publication.</ref>
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