Identifier: diseasesofchildr00grah (find matches)
Title: Diseases of children
Year: 1916 (1910s)
Authors: Graham, Edwin Eldon, b. 1864
Subjects: Children Disease
Publisher: Philadelphia and New York, Lea & Febiger
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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hydrocephalus,associated as it is with meningitis, the head rarely attains any greatsize. It is usually the result of tuberculous meningitis, is the mostcommon form of brain inflammation seen in children, and is almostinvariably fatal. Tuberculous meningitis will be found described infull under Diseases of the Nervous System. Chronic External Hydrocephalus.—Chronic external hydrocephalusis rarg as compared with the internal form. It may be the resultof hemorrhage of the meninges, pachymeningitis, or congenital mal-development of the brain, the latter cause producing the most typicalcases. The convolutions are flattened and atrophied from the pressureof the fluid situated outside of the brain substance between the duraand arachnoid. If present in large and increasing quantities the fluidmay cause a progressive enlargement of the head, similar to that seenin the internal variety of the disease; usually, however, the amountof fluid is small, and the distention and pressure only slight.
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Fig. 6.—Chronic internal hydrocephalus, child aged seven nionths. Chronic Internal Hydrocephalus.—Congenital hydrocephalus isalmost always of the internal variety. In this form the lateral ventriclesare distended with fluid, the brain substance being stretched and thinbecause of the great pressure. The fontanelles are much increasedin size as the jesult of a large amount of contained fluid, and thebones of the head are more or less forced apart. Etiology.—Evidences of hydrocephalus may be present to a markeddegree at birth, but more often they are only slight, if present at all,and commonly the infant does not show any manifestations of thedisease until it is some wrecks of age. Among the systemic causescapable of producing the disease may be mentioned alcoholism,syphilis, heredity, and trauma during pregnancy. Among the localcauses are meningitis, disease of the choroid plexus, leptomeningitis,the pressure of brain tumor, and obliteration of the foramen ofMagendie. The disease

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